A Modified Dragonfly Optimization Algorithm for Single- and Multiobjective Problems Using Brownian Motion

Table 2

Benchmark functions for multiobjective problem optimization.

Problem	Definition
Zitzler–Deb–Thiele 1	Minimize
	Minimize
	where
	Zitzler–Deb–Thiele 2	Minimize
Minimize
where
Zitzler–Deb–Thiele 1 (with linear pareto front)		Minimize
	Minimize
	where
	Zitzler–Deb–Thiele 3	Minimize
Minimize
where
Zitzler–Deb–Thiele 4		Minimize
	Minimize
	where
	Zitzler–Deb–Thiele 6	Minimize
Minimize
where