Research Article
A Species Conservation-Based Particle Swarm Optimization with Local Search for Dynamic Optimization Problems
Table 2
Offline error of algorithms on the MPB problems with different shift severities.
| | sslPSO | CPSO | mCPSO | mQSO | rSPSO | SPSO | PSO |
| 0.0 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 0.74 | 0.95 | 15.47 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 2.29 | 1.0 | 0.75 | 1.06 | 2.05 | 1.75 | 1.50 | 2.51 | 16.75 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 2.89 | 2.0 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 2.80 | 2.40 | 1.87 | 3.78 | 14.91 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 3.24 | 3.0 | 1.32 | 1.36 | 3.57 | 3.00 | 2.40 | 4.96 | 15.45 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 3.32 | 4.0 | 1.59 | 1.38 | 4.18 | 3.59 | 2.90 | 2.56 | 15.42 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 3.42 | 5.0 | 1.59 | 1.58 | 4.89 | 4.24 | 3.25 | 6.76 | 16.36 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 4.23 | 6.0 | 1.92 | 1.53 | 5.53 | 4.79 | 3.86 | 7.68 | 15.35 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 4.52 |
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