Research Article

Prediction of Flight Time Deviation for Lithuanian Airports Using Supervised Machine Learning Model

Table 2

The grid search of classification algorithms.

Classification algorithmGrid search
ParameterBoundsBest parameter arrivalBest parameter departure

Probabilistic neural networkTheta minusFrom 0.1 to 0.9 by step 0.1Theta minus: 0.1Theta minus: 0.1
Theta plusFrom 0.1 to 0.9 by step 0.1Theta plus: 0.5Theta plus: 0.8
Multilayer perceptronIterationFrom 10 to 500 by step 10Iteration: 500Iteration: 500
Hidden layers numberFrom 1 to 4 by step 1Layers: 3Layers: 2
Neurons number in the layerFrom 10 to 100 by step 10Neurons: 60Neurons: 70
Decision treesSplit criterionGain ratio; Gini indexSplit: Gini indexSplit: Gini index
Pruning methodOff: MDLPruning: MDLPruning: MDL
Random forestSplit criterionGain/gain ratio; Gini indexSplit: Gini indexSplit: Gini index
Number of modelsfrom 50 to 1000 by step 50Models: 600Models: 500
Tree ensembleSplit criterionGain/gain ratio; Gini indexSplit: Gini indexSplit: Gini index
Number of modelsFrom 50 to 1000 by step 50Models: 450Models: 150
Attribute sampling (columns)No sampling; square root; linear fraction; absolute valueSampling: absoluteSampling: absolute
Fraction to learn single modelON/OFFValue: 9value: 5
Fraction to learn single modelFrom 0.1 to 1 by step 0.1Fraction: OFFFraction: OFF
Gradient boosted treesTree depthFrom 1 to 15 by step 1Tree depth: 12Tree depth: 9
Number of modelsFrom 50 to 1000 by step 50Models: 300Models: 300
Learning rateFrom 0.1 to 1 by step 0.1Learning rate: 0.2Learning rate: 0.2
Attribute sampling (columns)No sampling; square root; linear fraction; absolute valueSampling: absolute Value: 10Sampling: absolute Value: 7
Fraction to learn single modelON/OFFFraction: ONFraction: ON
Fraction to learn single modelFrom 0.1 to 1 by step 0.1Fraction: 1Fraction: 1
Support vector machinesOverlapping penaltyFrom 1 to 10 by step 1Overlapping: 3 Kernel RBF: 0.2Overlapping: 2 Kernel RBF: 0.4
KernelPolynomialPowerFrom 1 to 10 by step 0.5
BiasFrom 1 to 10 by step 0.5
GammaFrom 1 to 10 by step 0.5
HypertangentKappaFrom 0.1 to 1 by step 0.1
DeltaFrom 0.1 to 1 by step 0.1
RBFSigmaFrom 0.1 to 1 by step 0.1