Multiobjective Sizing of an Autonomous Hybrid Microgrid Using a Multimodal Delayed PSO Algorithm: A Case Study of a Fishing Village

Table 5

Comparison of LCOE with other studies available in the literature.

Reference	HMG components	Location	LCOE ($/kWh)	Optimization technique
[45]-2016	PV/WT/DG	Singapore (Singapore)	0.29	Distributed mutated particle swarm optimization
[39]-2016	PV/WT/FC	Nikouyeh (Iran)	0.56	Computer program
		Ghadamgah (Iran)	0.799
		Moaleman (Iran)	0.54
		Marvdasht (Iran)	0.62
[3]-2018	PV/WT/DG/battery	Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)	0.33	Cuckoo Search algorithms
[46]-2018	PV/WT/DG/LB	Chhattisgarh (India)	0.27	HOMER software
[40]-2018	PV/WT/battery	Gökçeada (Turkey)	1.90	HOMER software
[47]-2019	PV/WT/LB/BDG/FC/H2	Dickinson (US)	0.37	Genetic Algorithm
		Lubbock (US)	0.41
		Tucson (US)	0.43
[48]-2020	PV/WT/DG/battery	Baghdad (Iraq)	0.2330	PSO algorithms
		Rabat (Morocco)	0.3214
This study	PV/WT/DG/battery	Essaouira (Morocco)	0.17	MDPSO

LB : lead acid battery, BDG : biodiesel generators, FC : fuel cell, and H₂: hydrogen.