Research Article
A Learning Sparrow Search Algorithm
Table 3
Comparison table of optimization effect of each algorithm (100 dimensions).
| | Function | Algorithm | Best | Ave | Std |
| | F1(x) | LSSA | 0 | 0 | 0 | | BSO | 195.6467 | 757.4745 | 391.4064 | | CSSA | 0 | 0 | 0 | | ISSA | 0 | 0 | 0 | | SSA | 0 | 0 | 0 | | GWO | 5.0820E − 18 | 2.6308E − 17 | 2.1089E − 17 | | PSO | 1.0668 | 12.4586 | 30.0289 |
| | F2(X) | LSSA | 0 | 0 | 0 | | BSO | 0.0680 | 154.2623 | 315.1105 | | CSSA | 0 | 1.9637E − 206 | 0 | | ISSA | 0 | 0 | 0 | | SSA | 0 | 1.0517E − 212 | 0 | | GWO | 0.4399 | 11.8139 | 13.5850 | | PSO | 6831.9888 | 4185.5172 | 7632.0184 |
| | F3(X) | LSSA | 0 | 0 | 0 | | BSO | 0.04267 | 1.7935 | 1.3896 | | CSSA | 0 | 1.1926E − 184 | 0 | | ISSA | 0 | 1.3563E − 144 | 7.4285E − 144 | | SSA | 0 | 1.9421E − 165 | 0 | | GWO | 2.0983E − 03 | 0.05209 | 0.0865 | | PSO | 7.3782 | 9.5753 | 1.2667 |
| | F4(X) | LSSA | 2.9056E − 09 | 2.6894E − 05 | 2.4742E − 05 | | BSO | 1077.0368 | 1.3748E + 04 | 1.3239E + 04 | | CSSA | 4.2237E − 08 | 2.5499E − 04 | 3.4620E − 04 | | ISSA | 2.1761E − 07 | 2.6971E − 04 | 6.66094E − 04 | | SSA | 9.1735E − 09 | 7.9045E − 05 | 1.3805E − 04 | | GWO | 95.6787 | 96.9734 | 0.9208 | | PSO | 651.0884 | 3221.6846 | 6748.9024 |
| | F5(X) | LSSA | 2.5013E − 11 | 9.1120E − 08 | 1.8203E − 07 | | BSO | 244.9986 | 777.9455 | 539.4453 | | CSSA | 4.0102E − 10 | 2.6523E − 07 | 3.6092E − 07 | | ISSA | 4.5456E − 11 | 1.9716E − 07 | 3.2439E − 07 | | SSA | 2.2699E − 10 | 9.0256E − 08 | 1.3690E − 07 | | GWO | 5.3138 | 6.7272 | 0.6593 | | PSO | 1.0675 | 4.4194 | 5.3378 |
| | F6(X) | LSSA | 2.4150E − 06 | 1.2529E − 04 | 8.5801E − 05 | | BSO | 0.02903 | 0.1136 | 0.06599 | | CSSA | 3.137E − 05 | 3.1911E − 04 | 3.8926E − 04 | | ISSA | 1.1119E − 05 | 2.3439E − 04 | 1.9717E − 04 | | SSA | 2.4052E − 06 | 2.3133E − 04 | 1.8927E − 04 | | GWO | 9.4823E − 04 | 2.6521E − 03 | 1.1372E − 03 | | PSO | 0.4998 | 1.1219 | 0.3632 |
| | F7(X) | LSSA | −41082.3952 | −36443.6428 | 4817.9562 | | BSO | −40261.0069 | −33461.9674 | 3925.7756 | | ISSA | −26395.4326 | −24633.4955 | 981.1676 | | CSSA | −26934.0704 | −24515.6636 | 1327.8950 | | SSA | −27320.1874 | −24637.4984 | 1078.1888 | | GWO | −22404.2115 | −16606.7711 | 2437.1531 | | PSO | −23435.5935 | −20056.7171 | 2277.0807 |
| | F8(X) | LSSA | 1.1891E − 15 | 1.9561E − 12 | 3.1614E − 12 | | BSO | 0.1178 | 0.9327 | 0.6212 | | CSSA | 2.6323E − 15 | 1.1686E − 11 | 2.9995E − 11 | | ISSA | 2.4668E − 10 | 2.1636E − 07 | 1.1233E − 06 | | SSA | 2.1460E − 15 | 7.6085E − 12 | 2.1375E − 11 | | GWO | 2.1287E − 06 | 0.01593 | 9.1126E − 03 | | PSO | 2.3296E − 13 | 0.08298 | 0.1774 |
| | F9(X) | LSSA | 0.4063 | 4843.1939 | 4063.8163 | | BSO | 1803.1299 | 7726.7640 | 4238.1062 | | CSSA | 1.4004E + 04 | 1.7119E + 04 | 1070.6257 | | ISSA | 2191.2870 | 3460.1076 | 584.0178 | | SSA | 1.4549E + 04 | 1.7425 + 04 | 1198.2007 | | GWO | 2.0063E + 04 | 2.4918E + 4 | 2683.4939 | | PSO | 1.6965E + 04 | 2.2306E + 04 | 4297.4782 |
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