Research Article

Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Cosine Distance Mechanism and Game Strategy

Table 7

Runtime of different MOEAs and GCDMOPSO on ZDT1–ZDT4 and ZDT6, DTLZ1–DTLZ5, and UF1–UF10 problems, respectively.

ProblemsFEsNSGA-IINSGA-IIIMOEADMOEAIGDNSSPEA2SPEARIBEAGCDMOPSO

ZDT1100003.4758e − 15.3468e − 13.4007e + 06.4332e − 18.0079e + 08.6639e + 01.0740e + 14.2437e + 0
ZDT2100006.7123e − 14.8913e − 13.3432e + 03.6390e − 17.9921e + 08.5811e + 01.0624e + 14.7586e + 0
ZDT3100002.4592e − 14.3497e − 13.3789e + 06.4406e − 18.0529e + 08.6078e + 01.0731e + 13.2039e + 0
ZDT4100003.5868e − 16.3845e − 13.2340e + 03.6940e − 18.1632e + 08.5680e + 01.0601e + 14.3560e + 0
ZDT6100002.7101e − 14.3891e − 13.2598e + 03.0581e − 18.0220e + 08.6345e + 01.0646e + 14.3096e + 0
DTLZ1100002.9300e − 15.3163e − 13.3872e + 04.5224e − 18.1141e + 08.3389e + 01.0676e + 12.7750e + 0
DTLZ2100003.2915e − 18.2367e − 13.3891e + 04.6041e + 11.4410e + 18.9867e + 01.2031e + 13.1383e + 0
DTLZ3100003.3083e − 15.3091e − 13.6684e + 04.5267e − 18.6110e + 09.2516e + 01.2214e + 11.5740e + 0
DTLZ4100003.6689e − 16.9115e − 13.7662e + 04.0429e + 11.4007e + 18.9418e + 01.1746e + 10.8514e + 0
DTLZ5100003.6991e − 17.7597e − 13.7441e + 01.5471e + 11.1243e + 18.9396e + 01.1829e + 11.7879e + 0
UF1100003.1563e − 14.9168e − 13.9203e + 04.7115e − 19.1414e + 09.5004e + 01.2108e + 11.0027e + 0
UF2100002.8833e − 14.9032e − 14.0969e + 08.5106e − 19.1164e + 09.5507e + 01.2087e + 11.7896e + 0
UF3100003.2962e − 15.1931e − 14.0620e + 05.5841e − 19.1166e + 09.6254e + 01.2138e + 11.3945e + 0
UF4100002.9796e − 15.5766e − 14.0546e + 01.0266e + 09.0826e + 09.6639e + 01.1300e + 11.7119e + 0
UF5100003.0116e − 15.8167e − 13.9241e + 03.7765e − 18.7468e + 09.1719e + 01.2134e + 17.5826e − 1
UF6100003.1538e − 15.4860e − 13.8002e + 04.0976e − 18.7895e + 09.3935e + 01.1596e + 18.5198e − 1
UF7100002.8455e − 15.3397e − 13.7370e + 04.2447e − 18.6857e + 09.3448e + 01.1451e + 18.7601e − 1
UF8100003.5545e − 16.8885e − 13.6264e + 01.8384e + 08.6025e + 09.2178e + 01.1520e + 12.0080e + 0
UF9100003.5060e − 16.9686e − 14.2788e + 01.3978e + 08.6964e + 09.0618e + 01.1917e + 11.8525e + 0
UF10100003.4883e − 16.7182e − 14.2034e + 01.0353e + 08.7814e + 09.1103e + 01.1806e + 11.1690e + 0