A Hybrid Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for Numerical Optimization Problems

Algorithm 2

GDEBOA.

	Generate initial population of NP butterflies
	Initialize parameters c, a, p
	While t < tmax
	Calculate the mean and Cov using equations (5) and (6)
	For each butterfly do
	Calculate the fragrance using equation (1)
	End for
	Find the best butterfly
	For each butterfly Xi do
	Generate a random number r from [0,1]
	If p < r
	Calculate the position using equation (4)
	Else
	Calculate the position using equation (3)
	End if
	Calculate the fitness and select the better one from [, Xi]
	End for
	Update parameter c
	End while
	Output the best position and fitness