Hybrid Deep-Learning and Machine-Learning Models for Predicting COVID-19

Table 5

Results of baseline, Model 1, Model 2a, and Model 2b.

Classes	Accuracy	Precision	Recall	F1 score
Baseline
COVID-19 vs. normal	98.82	98.87	98.77	98.82
COVID-19 vs. pneumonia	97.25	97.20	97.29	97.24
COVID-19 vs. normal vs. pneumonia	93.95	94.09	93.85	93.91
CNN
COVID-19 vs. normal	99.27	98.62	100	99.30
COVID-19 vs. pneumonia	98.73	99.29	98.25	98.77
COVID-19 vs. normal vs. pneumonia	96.10	96.20	95.80	95.90
VGG16
COVID-19 vs. normal	99.82	99.65	100	99.82
COVID-19 vs. pneumonia	99.45	99.65	99.30	99.47
COVID-19 vs. normal vs. pneumonia	97.60	97.40	97.50	97.40
VGG19
COVID-19 vs. normal	100	100	100	100
COVID-19 vs. pneumonia	99.45	99.65	99.30	99.47
COVID-19 vs. normal vs. pneumonia	96.60	96.50	96.40	96.40