| | Grouping characteristics | 2012 | 2018 |
| | (a) Part of important innovation factor inputs has not yet reached the starting point of increasing marginal effect | Qinghai, Ningxia | Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang | | (b) All the important innovation factor inputs are in the marginal effects from increasing to maximum and then to falling flat stage | Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang | Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Anhui, Henan, Hunan, Chongqing | | (c) Part of important innovation factors has completed the input required for the optimal combination of innovation factors | Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong | Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi | | (d) All the important innovation factor inputs meet the requirements of optimal combination | Jiangsu, Guangdong | Guangdong |
|
|
