Financial Fraud Identification Based on Stacking Ensemble Learning Algorithm: Introducing MD&A Text Information

<table class="table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left" rowspan="2">Reported</td><td class="align_center" colspan="2">Predicted</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_center">Fraud (1)</td><td class="align_center">Nonfraud (0)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Fraud (1)</td><td class="align_center">TP</td><td class="align_center">FN</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Nonfraud (0)</td><td class="align_center">FP</td><td class="align_center">TN</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

tab4

Table 4

Table 4: Financial Fraud Identification Based on Stacking Ensemble Learning Algorithm: Introducing MD&A Text Information 