Particle Swarm Optimization and Salp Swarm Algorithm for the Segmentation of Diabetic Retinal Blood Vessel Images

Table 1

The fitness value of each algorithm (unit 10³).

Img	Dim	MSSA	WOA	SSO	PSO	PMSSA
(a)	2	−2.480670	−2.481083	−2.479847	−2.481224	−2.481225
	3	−2.614356	−2.614323	−2.613576	−2.614539	−2.614543
	4	−2.674589	−2.674806	−2.671684	−2.675460	−2.674912
	5	−2.702767	−2.700294	−2.698560	−2.704303	−2.704516
(b)	2	−2.394638	−2.394810	−2.394678	−2.381127	−2.394814
	3	−2.533017	−2.533559	−2.531972	−2.472683	−2.533594
	4	−2.597702	−2.597365	−2.590287	−2.595738	−2.597493
	5	−2.630164	−2.628601	−2.629274	−2.620240	−2.630615
(c)	2	−3.160819	−3.160358	−3.160341	−3.160789	−3.160820
	3	−3.312218	−3.311947	−3.309278	−3.311382	−3.312160
	4	−3.379922	−3.378839	−3.374332	−3.367413	−3.380899
	5	−3.410546	−3.433086	−3.426351	−3.397287	−3.413843
(d)	2	−1.577878	−1.577909	−1.578086	−1.578077	−1.578086
	3	−1.682871	−1.683968	−1.679325	−1.644257	−1.682938
	4	−1.732653	−1.733027	−1.732000	−1.715620	−1.733570
	5	−1.761228	−1.761072	−1.753048	−1.757668	−1.761228
(e)	2	−1.920536	−1.920536	−1.920346	−1.920500	−1.920536
	3	−2.035300	−2.035591	−2.034528	−2.034887	−2.035713
	4	−2.088062	−2.091452	−2.090908	−2.091239	−2.093922
	5	−2.119593	−2.120538	−2.121357	−2.104835	−2.124674
(f)	2	−2.378915	−2.378915	−2.377762	−2.378978	−2.378978
	3	−2.518641	−2.516851	−2.517037	−2.518437	−2.519070
	4	−2.581736	−2.581382	−2.581403	−2.568103	−2.581736
	5	−2.615915	−2.615805	−2.609539	−2.615896	−2.616446