Real-Time Tracking of Object Melting Based on Enhanced DeepLab Network

Table 4

Explanation of special symbols in the text.

Symbol	Explanation	Page
	Definition of dice coefficient	6
	Pixels of the whole image	6
	Intersection between X and Y pixels	6
	The number of elements in X or Y	6
	Definition of Focal Loss function	8
	Tunable hyperparameters	8
	Model target predicted value	8
	Preventing nonexistence of the loss function from occurring	8
	The modified loss function definition	8
	k is the number of categories (except for empty categories)	8
	Mean intersection over union	11
	Pixels correctly segmented into SiO2 regions	11
	Pixels in the SiO2 region that were incorrectly marked as background	11
	Wrongly segmented into background pixels	11
	All pixels correctly segmented into SiO2 regions	11
	All pixels in SiO2 regions that were incorrectly marked as background	11
	All are wrongly segmented into background pixels	11