A Multistrategy-Integrated Learning Sparrow Search Algorithm and Optimization of Engineering Problems

Table 1

Fourteen benchmark test functions.

Function name	Function	Dimension	Interval
Sphere		30	[−100, 100]
Schwefel’s problem 1.2		30	[−100, 100]
Schwefel’s problem 2.21		30	[−100, 100]
Rosenbrock		30	[−30, 30]
Rastrigin		30	[−5.12, 5.12]
Ackley		30	[−32, 32]
Griewank		30	[−600, 600]
Schwefel		30	[−500, 500]
Three-hump camel		2	[−5, 5]
Colville		4	[−10, 10]
Bent cigar		10	[−10^10, 10^10]
Zakharov		10	[−5^10, 10^10]
Noncontinuous rotated Rastrigin’s	,	10	[−5^10, 5^10]
Levy function	Where	30	[−10^30, 10^30]