A Multistrategy-Integrated Learning Sparrow Search Algorithm and Optimization of Engineering Problems

Table 8

Best results of the cantilever beam design example.

Algorithm	Variables					Constraint
	x1	x2	x3	x4	x5		f(X)
CS	6.0089	5.3049	4.5023	3.5077	2.1504	−6.45E-05	1.33999
MFO	5.98487	5.31672	4.49733	3.51361	2.16162	4.18E-09	1.33998
ALO	6.01812	5.31142	4.48836	3.49751	2.15832	−3.00E-06	1.33995
SOS	6.01878	5.30344	4.49587	3.49896	2.15564	1.39E-04	1.33996
SSA	5.99215	5.28536	4.54216468	3.482721286	2.174334383	−0.00014501	1.3401483
IHSSA	5.99349	5.33819	4.501471252	3.4892014	2.152033962	−1.92E-05	1.340002