[Retracted] Value Proposition for Enabling Construction Project Innovation by Applying Building Information Modeling

Table 1

Alignment of innovative capabilities of BIM with innovation models for construction adapted from Slaughter [4] and Murphy [20].

Type of CI	Definition	Scale of change	Example	Resource and activities required by BIM-enabled CI						Enabling mechanisms	BIM application mode
				Timing of commitment	Degree of coordination within the project team	Need for special resources	Supervision organizational level	Supervision type	Supervision competency
Incremental	A small improvement to the standard practice based on existing experience and knowledge	Small	Modified construction process conducted on-site	At any time	None	None	At locus of improvement	Notification	Specific product or process	Path creation oriented	Visualization
Modular	A significant change in concept within a component but one that leaves the links to other components and systems unchanged		Computer-aided design (CAD)	At the design stage	None	For concept change	At design level	Notification, review	Technical competency		Coordination
Architectural	A small change within a component but a major change in the links to other components and systems		Self-compacting concrete	At the design-to-implementation stages	Among affected parties	For complementary changes	At the affected system level	Notification, agreement, review	System competency	Trading zone building oriented	Analysis
System	Multiple integrated innovations that complement each other to achieve new functions or levels of performance		Ballastless track	At the conceptual design stage	With all project team members	For integration of set of innovations	At top engineering management level	Project scope, agreement, review	Technical, system competency and organizational authority		Collaboration
Radical	A breakthrough in science or technology	Major	DT	At the technical feasibility stage	With top management from all involved organizations	For breakthrough	At top management level	Project objectives and scope	Specialized technical competency	Trading zone building + path creation oriented	Infrastructure