Research and Implementation of Indoor 3D Positioning Algorithm Based on LED Visible Light Communication and Corresponding Parameter Estimation

Table 4

Comparison of common LED indoor positioning algorithms.

Positioning algorithms	Targeting information	Merit	Shortcoming
RSS	Receive signal strength	No time synchronization required, simple,; easy, and of low cost	The positioning accuracy is not high
TOA	Signal arrival time	High positioning accuracy	Between the transmit and receive ends, strict time synchronization is required
TDOA	Signal arrival time difference	High positioning accuracy	The time it takes to emit a light signal between the LEDs requires strict time synchronization
AOA	Signal reach angle	No time synchronization is required, positioning is simple in theory, and positioning can be achieved with fewer LEDs	A directional antenna is required, and the positioning cost is higher