A Blockchain Framework to Secure Personal Health Record (PHR) in IBM Cloud-Based Data Lake

Table 5

Comparison summary of different proposed blockchain framework in healthcare.

Authors and reference	Application type	Blockchain type	Year	Contribution	A	B	C
Griggs et al. [19]	Securing IoT medical devices	Private	2018	Authors focus to maintain the data integrity and privacy of healthcare data	No	No	Yes
Liang et al. [38]	EMR management	Public	2017	Proposed a method to maintain the privacy and data integrity of healthcare data	Yes	Yes	Yes
Azbeg et al. [39]	Securing IoT medical devices	Private	2018	In this paper, authors developed a method to ensure the data integrity, confidentiality, privacy, and access control for medical data	No	No	Yes
Huang et al. [40]	Drug traceability	Private	2018	The authors proposed a framework to maintain the privacy and authenticity of healthcare data	Yes	No	No
Kumar et al. [41]	Drug traceability	Private	2019	To develop a secure system for traceability and access control	No	No	Yes
Dagher et al. [42]	EMR management	Private	2018	Proposed a method for data integrity, privacy, and access control for EHR data	No	Yes	No
Hathaliya et al. [43]	Remote patient monitoring	Private	2019	The authors proposed a method for integration of decentralized artificial intelligence	No	No	No
Sahoo et al. [44]	Drug traceability	Private	2019	The authors proposed a drug traceability system	No	No	No
Jamil et al. [45]	Remote patient monitoring	Private	2020	The authors work on the data integrity, privacy, and access control for EHR data	Yes	No	Yes
Torky and Hassanien [46]	Tracking COVID-19	Not specified	2020	The authors proposed a framework for data privacy for COVID-19 patient data	No	Yes	No
Xu et al. [47]	Tracking COVID-19	Private	2021	To develop a system for data integrity and traceability for COVID-19 patient data	Yes	No	Yes
The proposed approach	PHR management	Private	2022	Proposed a novel framework for personal health record (PHR) management using IBM cloud data lake and blockchain platform for an effective healthcare management process	Yes	Yes	Yes

A, scalability; B, interoperability; C, data encryption.