Survival Risk Prediction of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on BES-LSSVM

Table 6

Optimal LSSVM model parameters under different optimization algorithms.

Algorithm	High-age group		Low-age group
	Penalty factor	Kernel function parameter	Penalty factor	Kernel function parameter
BES-LSSVM	77.946	2.090	60.290	2.493
GOA-LSSVM	54.429	1.225	22.895	0.106
DE-LSSVM	66.155	1.044	50.816	0.735
PSO-LSSVM	61.902	1.086	46.111	0.459
SSA-LSSVM	77.217	10.192	75.204	5.991