Research Article

SOC Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicle Based on Deep Multilayer Perceptron

Table 2

Training errors in different activation functions.

Activation functionDataSetTrainLoss

SigmoidFUDS5.62
tanhFUDS1.37
ReLUFUDS0.09
MishFUDS0.35
SigmoidBJDST7.32
tanhBJDST2.11
ReLUBJDST0.21
MishBJDST0.76