Hybrid Pulse High-Frequency Voltage Injection Control Algorithm of Sensorless IPMSM for Vehicles

Figure 3

The simulation results of starting without load and constant speed. (a) The waveform of actual and estimated rotational speed values. (b) The waveform of speed estimation error. (c) The waveform of actual and estimated rotor positions. (d) The waveform of rotor position error.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)