Hybrid Pulse High-Frequency Voltage Injection Control Algorithm of Sensorless IPMSM for Vehicles

<div>The simulation results of variable speed and variable load. (a) The waveform of actual and estimated rotational speed values. (b) The waveform of speed estimation error. (c) The waveform of actual and estimated rotor positions. (d) The waveform of rotor position error.</div>

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Hybrid Pulse High-Frequency Voltage Injection Control Algorithm of Sensorless IPMSM for Vehicles 