Electronic User Authentication Key for Access to HMI/SCADA via Unsecured Internet Networks

Table 4

Comparative characteristics of the developed approach and existing approaches.

Hacking methods (software and hardware)	Authentication methods
	Biometrics	Single sign-on (SSO)	Open ID connect (OIDC)	One-time password (OTP)	Developed approach
John the Ripper	+	−	−	−	+
Spidering	±	−	−	−	+
Cain and Abel	+	−	−	+	±
Dictionary attack	+	−	−	−	+
Brute force attack	+	−	−	−	+
Ophcrack	+	−	−	+	+
Create a clone	−	+	+	+	+

+ not vulnerable, ± partially vulnerable, and − vulnerable.