Research Article
[Retracted] Research on Kinetic Energy Recovery of Energy Vehicle ABS Solenoid Valve Based on the ELM Deep Learning Model
Table 4
Experiment results with other models.
| Evaluation criteria | Model | Prediction duration (h) | 24 | 48 | 72 |
| NRMSE | ELM | 48.56 | 56.72 | 46.43 | PSO-ELM | 28.53 | 32.02 | 34.17 | IPSO-ELM | 23.47 | 31.39 | 31.73 |
| NMAPE | ELM | 41.33 | 50.65 | 39.71 | PSO-ELM | 21.23 | 25.52 | 24.99 | IPSO-ELM | 18.60 | 24.39 | 24.68 |
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