Research Article
[Retracted] The Importance of Early Identification for Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Postural Instability and Gait Disturbance
Table 3
Prevalence of nonmotor symptoms between TD and PIGD subtypes.
| | | The whole group | TD (n = 148) | PIGD (n = 122) | -value |
| | Gastrointestinal symptoms | | Dysphagia | 54 (20.0) | 14 (9.5) | 40 (32.8) | <0.001 | | Sialorrhea | 150 (55.6) | 73 (49.3) | 77 (63.1) | 0.023 | | Abdominal fullness | 51 (18.9) | 21 (14.2) | 30 (24.6) | 0.030 | | Constipation | 164 (60.7) | 73 (49.3) | 91 (74.6) | <0.001 | | Straining for defecation | 180 (66.7) | 89 (60.1) | 91 (74.6) | 0.012 | | Fecal incontinence | 18 (6.7) | 11 (7.4) | 7 (5.7) | 0.652 |
| | Urinary symptoms | | Pollakisuria | 88 (32.6) | 46 (31.1) | 42 (34.4) | 0.066 | | Nocturia | 210 (77.8) | 111 (75) | 99 (81.1) | 0.051 |
| | Cardiovascular symptoms | | Lightheaded (standing up) | 81 (30.0) | 45 (30.4) | 36 (29.5) | 0.843 | | Syncope | 10 (3.7) | 5 (3.4) | 5 (4.1) | 0.592 |
| | Thermoregulatory symptoms | | Hyperhidrosis (day) | 83 (30.7) | 34 (23) | 49 (40.2) | 0.002 | | Hyperhidrosis (night) | 66 (24.4) | 26 (17.6) | 40 (32.8) | 0.004 | | Cold intolerance | 57 (21.1) | 28 (18.9) | 29 (23.8) | 0.305 | | Heat intolerance | 58 (21.5) | 22 (14.9) | 36 (29.5) | 0.004 |
| | Sleep disorders | | Sleep onset insomnia | 222 (82.2) | 123 (83.1) | 99 (81.1) | 0.693 | | Sleep maintenance insomnia | 229 (84.8) | 128 (86.7) | 101 (82.8) | 0.385 | | Daytime sleepiness | 198 (73.3) | 108 (72.9) | 90 (73.8) | 0.874 | | RBD | 55 (20.4) | 17 (11.5) | 38 (31.1) | <0.001 |
| | Emotional disorders | | Anxiety | 163 (60.4) | 79 (53.4) | 84 (68.9) | 0.010 | | Depression | 231 (85.6) | 112 (75.7) | 119 (97.5) | <0.001 |
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