Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

Research Article

Alterations of Renal Function in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease: A BOLD and DTI Study

Table 1

Characteristics of the subjects.


Characteristic	HC (n = 20)	DI (n = 22)	DII (n = 22)	DIII (n = 18)	F	p

Sex (M/F)	9/11	12/10	14/8	12/6	—	0.510
Age (Y)	54.23 ± 14.69	54.17 ± 14.32	57.75 ± 13.56	58.13 ± 15.68	0.184	0.906
BMI (kg/m²)	22.49 ± 1.42	24.42 ± 4.60	25.89 ± 2.31	24.65 ± 3.04	2.570	0.068
HGB (g/L)	137.3 ± 8.1	145.9 ± 10.3	133.0 ± 11.3	110.6 ± 19.9	16.804	0.002
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	109.49 ± 9.70	115.25 ± 16.25	74.88 ± 7.43	44.44 ± 11.92	75.923	<0.001
Scr (μmol/L)	58.74 ± 5.87	61.83 ± 9.29	84.96 ± 14.00	138.38 ± 45.31	18.114	<0.001
BUN (mmol/L)	5.05 ± 0.92	5.19 ± 0.98	6.92 ± 1.68	7.70 ± 3.14	2.764	0.012
Cys C (mg/L)	0.85 ± 0.18	0.89 ± 0.17	1.12 ± 0.31	1.91 ± 0.68	13.688	0.002
HbA1c (%)	N/A	6.43 ± 0.69	7.03 ± 1.68	6.27 ± 0.72	1.183	0.424
uALB (mg/L)	6.5 (2.8, 12.6)	9.8 (3.2,12.3)	150.0 (28.1, 171.5)	2817.7 (565.3, 3640.3)	11.425	0.038
UACR (mg/g)	12.2 (7.8, 15.3)	13.9 (8.7, 15.8)	58.5 (39.7, 62.5)	2742.0 (567.3, 3813.3)	28.402	<0.001

Legends: The results are expressed as the mean ± SD. If the normal distribution is not satisfied, the results are expressed by quartile method. The chi-square test was used to test the difference in sex in the four groups. ANOVA was used to test difference in the other characteristics among the abovementioned groups. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. BMI (body mass index), weight (kg)/height (m²); HGB, hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SCr, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; uALB, urinary microalbumin; Cys C, cystatin C; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HC, healthy control group; DI, diabetes patients without albuminuria; DII group, diabetic kidney disease patients with microalbuminuria; DIII group, diabetic kidney disease patients with massive albuminuria.