Accounting Earnings and Economic Growth, Trends, and Challenges: A Bibliometric Approach

Table 4

Comparison of optimized forecasting effects.

		Mean square error (MSE)	Root mean square error (RMSE)	Mean absolute deviation (MAE)
5-year forecast effect comparison	Neural networks	0.2158	0.4574	0.3106
	ARIMA model	0.2227	0.5475	0.2739
	Optimization algorithm model	0.2093	0.4825	0.2623
10-year forecast effect comparison	Neural networks	0.4834	0.6987	0.5419
	ARIMA model	0.5422	0.7238	0.4509
	Optimization algorithm model	0.4828	0.6913	0.4664
20-year forecast effect comparison	Neural networks	0.6610	0.8358	0.6799
	ARIMA model	0.6744	0.7970	0.6684
	Optimization algorithm model	0.6477	0.7964	0.6442