Assessing the Clinical Influence of Chronic Total Occlusions (CTOs) Revascularization and the Impact of Vascularization Completeness on Patients with Left Ventricular (LV) Systolic Dysfunction
Table 2
Baseline, angiographical, and procedural features between complete revascularization and incomplete revascularization groups.
Variable
Complete revascularization (n = 42)
Incomplete revascularization (n = 93)
value
Male gender
31 (73.8)
74 (79.6)
0.505
Age
61.57 ± 9.03
66.18 ± 8.69
0.007
≧75 years of age
3 (7.1)
19 (20.4)
0.076
Hypertension
27 (64.3)
64 (68.8)
0.692
BMI (kg/m2)
23.76 (21.97, 25.01)
23.76 (21.75, 24.80)
0.714
Previous smoker
28 (66.7)
70 (75.3)
0.306
Diabetes mellitus
12 (28.6)
39 (41.9)
0.180
Previous MI
19 (45.2)
54 (58.1)
0.194
Previous PCI
4 (9.5)
23 (24.7)
0.061
Previous CABG
0 (0)
3 (3.2)
0.552
eGFR (ml/min)
72.00 ± 21.213
67.33 ± 24.614
0.289
ICD
1 (2.4)
3 (3.2)
1.000
CPOD
6 (14.3)
8 (8.6)
0.485
Previous stroke
8 (19.0)
13 (14.0)
0.452
Peripheral artery disease
0 (0)
2 (2.2)
1.000
Baseline LVEF (%)
29.61 ± 6.89
31.39 ± 7.01
0.180
Triglyceride (mmol/l and mg/dL)
1.20 (0.72, 1.62)
1.33 (0.99, 1.90)
0.230
Total cholesterol (mmol/l and mg/dL)
3.92 (3.32, 4.97)
4.11 (3.25, 4.75)
0.641
LDL-C (mmol/l and mg/dL)
2.50 (2.15, 3.24)
2.40 (1.98, 2.93)
0.189
HDL-C (mmol/l and mg/dL)
0.98 (0.86, 1.40)
0.98 (0.84, 1.16)
0.081
Medications
Aspirin
42 (100)
89 (95.7)
0.310
Clopidogrel/ticagrelor
42 (100)
93 (100)
1.000
Statin
39 (92.9)
91 (97.8)
0.353
Beta blocker
42 (100)
89 (95.7)
0.310
ACEI or ARB or ARNI
38 (90.5)
83 (89.2)
1.000
Anticoagulatant therapy
24 (57.1)
60 (64.5)
0.447
Angina (CCS class)
No angina
0
0
I
0
0
II
15 (36.6)
18 (19.4)
III
18 (43.9)
56 (60.2)
IV
8 (19.5)
19 (20.4)
Dyspnea (NYHA functional class)
I
1 (2.4)
1 (1.0)
II
20 (47.6)
26 (28.0)
III
12 (28.6)
42 (45.2)
IV
9 (21.4)
24 (25.8)
Target CTO artery
LAD
20 (47.6)
31 (33.3)
RCA
15 (35.7)
39 (41.9)
LCX
7 (16.7)
23 (24.7)
In stent CTO
2 (4.8)
4 (4.3)
1.000
J-CTO scoring
2.17 ± 0.88
2.69 ± 0.92
0.001
J-channel scoring
0.69 ± 0.64
2.34 ± 0.98
<0.001
SYNTAX score
29.64 ± 2.48
29.25 ± 10.35
0.895
Number of narrowed coronary arteries
1
14 (33.3)
0
2
16 (38.1)
18 (19.4)
3
12 (28.6)
75 (80.6)
LM disease
6 (14.3)
7 (7.5)
0.359
IABP use
5 (11.9)
14 (14.1)
0.791
Retrograde access
8 (19.0)
24 (23.7)
0.513
Number of stents
2.98 ± 0.75
2.57 ± 0.84
0.008
Note. Data are expressed as average ± SD, n (%), n/N (%), or mid-value (interquartile range). Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; DAPT, dual anti-platelet therapy; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NYHA, New York heart association; CCS, Canadian cardiovascular society; ARNI, angiotensin receptor enkephalinase inhibitor; J-CTO, Japanese multicenter registry; LAD, left anterior descending; LCX, left circumflex; RCA, right coronary artery; IABP, intra‐aortic balloon pump; LM disease, left main disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction.
