Operational Scheduling of Behind-the-Meter Storage Systems Based on Multiple Nonstationary Decomposition and Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Price Forecasting

Table 3

Comparison results of CNN, EEMD-CNN, VMD-CNN, and EEMD-VMD-CNN models for multistep electricity price forecasting of 24 hours.

Model	CNN	EEMD-CNN	VMD-CNN	EEMD-VMD-CNN
MSE	3.1262	0.7667	0.9779	0.486 5
MAE	0.8976	0.5097	0.5764	0.242 4
RMSE	1.7681	0.8756	0.9889	0.6975
R2	0.1023	0.4034	0.3476	0.5791