Improved Arabic Alphabet Characters Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)

Table 5

Experimental results of data augmentation techniques on Hijja and AHCD datasets.

Dataset	Data augmentation techniques with using Nadam algorithm
	Rotation		Shifting		Rotation and shifting		Flipping		Zooming
	Training accuracy	Testing accuracy	Training accuracy	Testing accuracy	Training accuracy	Testing accuracy	Training accuracy	Testing accuracy	Training accuracy	Testing accuracy
AHCD	99.82	97.64	99.56	98.09	99.41	98.48	99.69	97.29	99.85	98.00
Hijja	97.18	89.86	92.72	90.28	91.73	91.24	95.39	88.94	99.16	88.66