An Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm and Its Application in HIFU Sound Field

Figure 3

Convergence curves of different improvement strategies on benchmark functions: (a) F2, (b) F5, (c) F7, (d) F9, (e) F12, (f) F13, (g) F14, and (h) F21.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)