Early Esophageal Cancer Specific Survival Is Unaffected by Anatomical Location of Tumor: A Population-Based Study

Table 5

Multivariate Cox proportion hazard regression analyses.

Variables	⁢1-year ()		⁢5-year ()
	HR (95% CI)	value	HR (95% CI)	value
Age at diagnosis	1.01 (0.98–1.05)	0.53	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.53
Sex
Females	⁢Reference		⁢Reference
Males	1.07 (0.45–2.55)	0.53	0.79 (0.46–1.36)	0.40
Marital status
Single (never married)	⁢Reference		⁢Reference
Married (including common law)	2.20 (0.64–7.63)	0.33	1.48 (0.68–3.22)	0.33
Divorced/separated/widowed/unmarried or domestic partner	2.35 (0.59–9.32)	0.23	1.31 (0.54–3.17)	0.55
Unknown	0.00 (0.00–3.48)	0.78	0.48 (0.06–3.99)	0.50
Race
Caucasians	⁢Reference		⁢Reference
African Americans	1.81 (0.49–6.78)	0.38	1.32 (0.54–3.17)	0.55
Others	2.17 (0.64–7.38)	0.75	0.78 (1.72–3.53)	0.75
Unknown	0.00 (0.00–2.05)	0.93	0.00 (0.00–5.06)	0.91
Treatment
ET	⁢Reference		⁢Reference
EST	0.64 (0.30–1.37)	0.25	0.71 (0.35–1.44)	0.34
Location of tumor
Lower	⁢Reference		⁢Reference
Middle	1.39 (0.57–3.37)	0.47	1.26 (0.67–2.39)	0.47
Upper	0.38 (0.05–3.02)	0.36	1.28 (0.52–3.15)	0.59
Grade of tumor
Well-differentiated; grade I	⁢Reference		⁢Reference
Moderately differentiated; grade II	1.66 (0.61–4.52)	0.33	1.30 (0.62–2.75)	0.49
Poorly differentiated; grade III	1.84 (0.60–5.68)	0.29	1.76 (0.82–3.75)	0.15
Undifferentiated; anaplastic; grade IV	5.27 (0.92–30.21)	0.06	4.12 (1.09–15.62)	0.04
B-cell precursor/unknown	0.58 (0.18–1.90)	0.37	0.77 (0.34–1.74)	0.52
Size of tumor
Entire circumference	⁢Reference		⁢Reference
Microscopic focus only	0.37 (0.04–3.55)	0.39	0.73 (0.09–6.08)	0.77
2 mm to 990+ mm	0.17 (0.02–1.33)	0.09	0.45 (0.06–3.33)	0.43
No mass	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	0.99	0.00 (0.00–3.96)	0.97
Stage of tumor
T1a	⁢Reference		⁢Reference
Tis	2.27 (0.73–7.00)	0.93	1.04 (0.45–2.42)	0.93
Histology of tumor
Adenocarcinoma	⁢Reference		⁢Reference
Squamous cell carcinoma	1.62 (0.61–4.34)	0.34	1.68 (0.86–3.28)	0.13
Others	0.29 (0.04–2.17)	0.23	0.82 (0.36–1.85)	0.62

HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; EET: endoscopic therapy; EST: esophagectomy.