Research Article

Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and Sodium Velocity Predicts Overall Survival in Nonmetastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Table 2

Cox proportional hazard models for overall survival. Multivariable models were built using a backwards stepwise procedure.

UnivariateMultivariable:
Baseline MELD-Na Only
Multivariable:
Baseline MELD-Na and MELD-Na change
CharacteristicHR (95 CI)pHR (95 CI)PHR (95 CI)P

Age (per 10 years)0.95 (0.82 to 1.11)0.505----

Gender
 Male[reference]-----
 Female0.80 (0.51 to 1.24)0.318

Stage
 I[reference]-[reference]-[reference]-
 II1.17 (0.70 to 1.98)0.5351.35 (0.76 to 2.39)0.3101.52 (0.86 to 2.71)0.153
 III2.68 (1.71 to 4.21)<0.0012.66 (1.64 to 4.32)<0.0012.24 (1.37 to 3.67)0.001

AFP (ng/mL)
 < 400[reference]-----
 > 4001.72 (1.16 to 2.56)0.007

Race
 White[reference]-
 Black/African American1.15 (0.75 to 1.74)0.525----
 Asian0.26 (0.04 to 1.86)0.179
 Other/Unknown1.08 (0.52 to 2.26)0.834

Ethnicity
 Not Hispanic/Latino[reference]-----
 Hispanic/Latino0.88 (0.61 to 1.28)0.509

Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%)
 HCV only[reference]-
 HBV only1.60 (0.77 to 3.43)0.209----
 Alcoholism0.66 (0.35 to 1.25)0.205
 Unknown/Multiple0.77 (0.42 to 1.40)0.385

MELD-Na1.06 (1.03 to 1.10)<0.0011.05 (1.01 to 1.09)0.0121.07 (1.03 to 1.11)<0.001

90 day MELD-Na increase
 < 40%[reference]---3.69 (2.39 to 5.69)<0.001
 > 40%3.44 (2.29 to 5.17)<0.001