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| Function | Description |
|
| Sensemaking and learning (SL) | (i) Deliberate attempt to find coherent situational understanding |
| (ii) Modifying a mental model or generating a new one |
| (iii) Includes sense giving (presenting an understanding to others to adopt) |
| Decision making (DM) | (i) Decisions in, or about, patient care and administrative processes |
| Planning and replanning (PL) | (i) Shaping or reshaping patient care or administrative processes |
| Monitoring and problem detection (MD) | (i) Tracking the progress or outcomes of patient care or administrative processes |
| (ii) Planned, ad hoc (“noticing”), formal (data collection), or informal |
| Managing the unknown, unclear, unexpected, and irregular (MU) | (i) Planned or anticipatory (contingencies, fallbacks) |
| (ii) Evaluating/estimating risks |
| (iii) Unplanned, “scrambling” |
| Coordinating (CO) | (i) Any activity that helps synchronize 2 or more individuals in a patient care or administrative process, especially transmitting information or expectations |
| (ii) Maintenance of “common ground,” shared expectations/understanding/mental models of processes |
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