Research Article

Assessment of Steatosis and Fibrosis in Liver Transplant Recipients Using Controlled Attenuation Parameter and Liver Stiffness Measurements

Table 2

Comparison of groups with and without severe steatosis (elevated CAP ≥290 dB).

VariablesSevere steatosis CAP ≥290 dB (n = 82)No severe steatosis CAP <290 dB (n = 93) value

Age at LT, years (IQR)55 (50–61)55 (45–61)0.412
Age at TE, years (IQR)64 (55–69)60 (51–65)0.039
Donor age, years57 (42–68)59 (45–67)0.711
Male, % (n)71.95 (59)64.52 (60)0.374

Cause of liver disease, % (n)
 Autoimmune liver disease8.54 (7)12.90 (12)0.211
 NAFLD1.22 (1)(0)
 Alcoholic liver disease39.02 (32)24.73 (23)
 HCV3.66 (3)3.23 (3)
 Others47.56 (39)59.14 (55)

BMI, kg/m2 (IQR)30.44 (26–34)26.51 (23–30)0.038

BMI category, % (n)
 Normal <2526.8 (22)43.0 (40)0.045
 Overweight 25–29.926.8 (22)31.2 (29)
 Obese ≥3046.4 (38)25.8 (24)

Donors BMI, kg/m2 (IQR)26.57 (24–29)26.23 (24–28)0.877

Donors BMI category, % (n)
 Normal <2540.2 (33)35.5 (33)0.266
 Overweight 25–29.941.5 (34)52.7 (49)
 Obese ≥3018.3 (15)11.8 (11)

Hypertension, % (n)71.95 (59)58.06 (54)0.079
Diabetes, % (n)50.00 (41)27.96 (26)0.005
Thrombocytes x109/L166 (134–218)170 (136–228)0.652
Glucose, mmol/L (IQR)6.4 (6–8)6 (5–7)0.018
Total bilirubin, mmol/L (IQR)16.5 (12–22)14.0 (12.22)0.732
ALT, U/L (IQR)29.5 (20–39)26.0 (18–36)0.056
AST, U/L (IQR)27.5 (22–43)28 (23–39)0.319
GGT, U/L (IQR)42 (24–99)36 (21–80)0.191
Triglyceride, mmol/L (IQR)1.4 (1.1–2.1)1.1 (0.9–1.5)0.004
Total cholesterol, mmol/L (IQR)5.2 (4.5–6)4.9 (4.4–5.6)0.168
LDL, mmol/L (IQR)3.1 (2.5–3.7)3 (2.4–3.5)0.340
HDL, mmol/L (IQR)1.26 (1.0–1.6)1.34 (1.1–1.6)0.227
CRP, mg/L (IQR)3.7 (2–6)2.5 (1–5)0.755
LSM, kPa (IQR)7.4 (6.3–9.2)6.7 (5.0–9.0)0.019

Immunosuppression, % (n)
 Tacrolimus68.3 (56)72.0 (67)0.356
 Cyclosporine31.7 (26)28.0 (26)
 Prednisone1.2 (1)8.0 (7)
 mTOR inhibitor(0)1.1 (1)
 Mycophenolate mofetil65.9 (54)72.0 (67)
 Azathioprine(0)3.2 (3)

Time from LT to TE, years (IQR)5 (3–6)3 (2–5)0.099

LT, liver transplantation; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HCV, hepatitis C virus infection; BMI, body mass index; AST, serum aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; TE, transient elastography.