Review Article
Chronic Liver Disease in Ethiopia with a Particular Focus on the Etiological Spectrums: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Table 4
Estimated proportion of chronic liver disease etiologies and heterogeneity of the estimates in Ethiopia, 2021.
| Etiologies of CLD | No. of studies | Sample size | Frequency | Pooled estimate [95% CI] | Q | I2 | -value |
| Infectious etiology | Hepatitis B virus | 11 | 2245 | 955 | 40.0 [29.0,51.0] | 270.9 | 96.3 | <0.001 | Hepatitis C virus | 11 | 2107 | 346 | 15.0 [9.0, 21.0] | 240.4 | 95.8 | <0.001 | Schistosomiasis | 3 | 127 | 50 | 4.0 [1.0, 6.0] | 2.02 | 1.1 | 0.36 | HIV | 2 | 267 | 14 | 5.0 [−2.0, 13] | 6.38 | 84.3 | 0.01 | Co-HBV and HCV | 4 | 570 | 8 | 1.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 3.7 | 18.9 | 0.30 |
| Noninfectious etiology | Alcohol | 7 | 1412 | 214 | 17.0 [9.0, 25.0] | 184.6 | 96.7 | <0.001 | NAFLD | 2 | 931 | 167 | 12.0 [4.0, 28.0] | 51.6 | 98.0 | <0.001 | Wilson’s disease | 2 | 143 | 2 | 1.0 [−1.0, 3.0] | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.44 | AIH | 2 | 269 | 3 | 1.0 [−0.0, 2.0] | 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.75 | Unidentified | 5 | 506 | 214 | 45.0 [34.0, 56.0] | 32.08 | 87.53 | <0.001 |
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CLD: chronic liver disease, HBV: hepatitis B virus, HDV: hepatitis D virus, NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, AIH: autoimmune hepatitis, I2: heterogeneity, Q: Cochran’s Q.
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