Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Research Article

Anatomical Brain Changes and Cognitive Abilities in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Table 2

Brain volumes according to the sleep apnea of the observed groups.

Group according to sleep apnea severity

Mild (N = 11)

Moderate (N = 14)

Severe (N = 43)

Controls (N = 76)

Total (N = 144)

Significance

Caudate nucleus volume (cm³, mean ± SD, L/R)

3.76 ± 0.11

3.80 ± 0.15

3.77 ± 0.04

3.81 ± 0.16

3.79 ± 0.15

3.85 ± 0.14

4.5 ± 0.65

4.56 ± 0.64

4.22 ± 0.6

4.17 ± 0.6

F 3.140 = 26.33,

F 3.140 = 27.93,

Putamen volume (cm³, mean ± SD, L/R)

5.94 ± 0.10

5.95 ± 0.10

5.97 ± 0.11

5.98 ± 0.11

5.97 ± 0.12

5.99 ± 0.12

6.31 ± 0.62

6.30 ± 0.70

6.15 ± 0.49

6.16 ± 0.54

F 3.140 = 6.51,

F 3.140 = 5.03,

Globus pallidus volume (cm³, mean ± SD, L/R)

2.13 ± 0.10

2.12 ± 007

2.13 ± 0.08

2.61 ± 0.46

2.18 ± 0.79

2.12 ± 0.07

2.61 ± 0.46

2.58 ± 0.40

2.38 ± 0.41

2.36 ± 0.37

F 3.140 = 24.20,

F 3.140 = 27.06,

Thalamus volume (cm³, mean ± SD, L/R)

6.29 ± 0.10

6.28 ± 0.09

6.27 ± 0.09

6.26 ± 0.09

6.28 ± 0.07

7.46 ± 0.77

7.48 ± 0.90

6.90 ± 0.81

6.91 ± 0.79

F 3.140 = 52.12,

F 3.140 = 38.77,

Hippocampal formation volume (cm³, mean ± SD, L/R)

2.82 ± 0.12

2.81 ± 0.12

2.77 ± 0.13

2.80 ± 0.13

3.99 ± 0.63

3.96 ± 0.68

3.43 ± 0.75

3.41 ± 0.77

F 3.140 = 78.02,

F 3.140 = 63.94,

Lateral ventricle volume (cm³, mean ± SD, L/R)

7.48 ± 0.14

7.49 ± 0.14

7.49 ± 0.13

7.51 ± 0.13

7.50 ± 0.14

7.51 ± 0.14

5.86 ± 0.55

5.81 ± 0.54

6.63 ± 0.92

6.61 ± 0.94

F 3.140 = 183.72,

F 3.140 = 205.44,

Amygdaloid complex volume (cm³, mean ± SD, L/R)

1.65 ± 0.11

1.64 ± 0.12

1.61 ± 0.08

1.67 ± 0.08

1.68 ± 0.08

1.68 ± 0.19

1.69 ± 0.21

1.67 ± 0.15

1.68 ± 0.17

Prefrontal cortex volume (cm³, mean ± SD, L/R)

140.45 ± 6.20

141.54 ± 6.07

143.43 ± 8.16

144.50 ± 8.05

145.93 ± 8.43

146.98 ± 8.36

161.16 ± 18.85

158.84 ± 19.32

153.30 ± 16.95

152.58 ± 16.46

F 3.140 = 15.41,

F 3.140 = 9.55,

Gray matter volume (cm³, mean ± SD)

351.91 ± 4.91

348.79 ± 6.02

348.93 ± 7.57

341.43 ± 40.03

335.79 ± 29.93

F 3.140 = 35.34,