Risk Factors for Clinically Relevant Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula (CR-POPF) after Distal Pancreatectomy: A Single Center Retrospective Study

Table 4

Univariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy (DP).

Variables	Number of cases, n = 263	Pancreatic fistula, n = 50	Nonpancreatic fistula, n = 213	χ^2	value
Age
≥70	45	9	36	0.034	0.853
＜70	218	41	177
BMI (kg/m^2)
>25	84	11	73	2.806	0.094
≤25	179	39	140
Smoking
Yes	67	13	54	0.009	0.925
No	196	37	159
ASA
I	114	21	93	0.046	0.831
II-III	149	29	120
Indication for surgery
Benign disease or low-grade malignant tumors	142	20	122	4.866	0.027
Malignant tumors	121	30	91
Preoperative diabetes
Yes	42	7	35	0.178	0.673
No	221	43	178
Preoperative albumin level
≥35 g/L	227	45	182	0.711	0.399
＜35 g/L	36	5	31
Surgical approach
Laparoscopic	50	10	40	0.014	0.907
Open	213	40	173
Operation time
≥300 min	54	10	44	0.011	0.918
＜300 min	209	40	169
Pancreas texture
Soft	88	25	63	7.586	0.006
Hard	175	25	150
Pancreatic resection range
Left side of portal vein	242	45	197	0.341	0.559
Right side of portal vein	21	5	16
Splenectomy
Yes	165	29	136	0.593	0.441
No	98	21	77
Combined multivisceral resection
Yes	70	13	57	0.012	0.913
No	193	37	156
Ligation of main pancreatic duct
Yes	174	24	150	9.094	0.003
No	89	26	63
Pancreatic stump treatment
Suture	211	38	173	0.696	0.404
Endo GIA stapler	52	12	40
Intraoperative blood loss
≥600 ml	46	9	37	0.269	0.604
＜600 ml	217	41	176
Use of somatostatin after surgery
Yes	75	14	61	0.067	0.796
No	188	36	152
Postoperative albumin level (3 days after surgery)
≥35 g/L	177	34	143	0.001	0.973
＜35 g/L	86	16	70

BMI, body mass index.