Predictors of Successful Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Bridging or Downstaging in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Table 1

Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics.

Characteristic	All cohort	Outside Milan criteria	Inside Milan criteria	value	Unfavorable response	Favorable response	value
Total number of patients	n = 135	n = 76	n = 59		n = 54	n = 81
Age, mean	65 ± 10	66 ± 8	64 ± 12	0.1	66 ± 8	65 ± 11	0.5
Gender, female	29 (22%)	15 (20%)	14 (24%)	0.5	11 (20%)	18 (22%)	0.5
Ethnicity
Caucasian	77 (57%)	44 (58%)	33 (56%)	0.3	36 (67%)	41 (51%)	0.1
African American	39 (29%)	20 (26%)	19 (32%)		13 (24%)	26 (32%)
Asian	10 (7%)	6 (8%)	4 (7%)		3 (6%)	7 (8%)
Hispanic	2 (2%)	0 (0%)	2 (3%)		1 (2%)	1 (1%)
Other	7 (5%)	6 (8%)	1 (2%)		1 (2%)	6 (7%)
Pre-Y90-RE HCC therapies
Liver directed procedures	38 (28%)	29 (38%)	9 (15%)	0.003	19 (35%)	19 (23%)	0.09
Systemic therapies	4 (3%)	7 (11%)	0 (0%)	1	5 (9%)	2 (2%)	0.09
Y90-RE segmentectomy	94 (70%)	43 (57%)	51 (86%)	0.0001	27 (50%)	67 (83%)	0.0001
Etiology of liver disease
Hepatitis B virus	16 (12%)	11 (14%)	5 (8%)	0.2	8 (15%)	8 (10%)	0.3
Hepatitis C virus	77 (57%)	43 (57%)	34 (58%)	0.5	32 (59%)	45 (56%)	0.4
EtOH abuse	29 (21%)	15 (20%)	14 (24%)	0.5	12 (22%)	17 (21%)	0.7
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	16 (12%)	12 (16%)	4 (7%)	0.09	7 (13%)	9 (11%)	0.5
Hemochromatosis	1 (1%)	1 (1%)	0 (0%)	0.6	1 (2%)	0 (0%)	0.4
Other	22 (16%)	11 (14%)	11 (%)	0.3	10 (18%)	12 (14%)	0.4
ECOG performance status
0	96 (71%)	55 (72%)	41 (69%)	0.6	36 (67%)	60 (74%)	0.3
1	34 (25%)	20 (26%)	14 (24%)		16 (30%)	18 (22%)
2	3 (2%)	1 (1%)	2 (3%)		2 (4%)	1 (1%)
3	2 (1%)	0 (0%)	2 (3%)		0 (0%)	2 (2%)
ALBI grade
1	30 (22%)	8 (11%)	22 (37%)	0.0002	5 (9%)	25 (31%)	0.002
2	98 (73%)	64 (84%)	34 (58%)		46 (85%)	52 (64%)
3	7 (5%)	4 (5%)	3 (5%)		3 (6%)	4 (5%)
MELD, mean	10 ± 3	10 ± 3	10 ± 3	1	10 ± 3	10 ± 3	0.7
AAPR, mean	0.36 ± 0.16	0.33 ± 0.15	0.41 ± 0.15	0.003	0.32 ± 0.15	0.39 ± 0.16	0.007
Child–Pugh class
A	117 (87%)	64 (84%)	53 (90%)	0.2	42 (78%)	75 (93%)	0.01
B	18 (13%)	12 (16%)	6 (10%)		12 (22%)	6 (7%)
C	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)		0 (0%)	0 (0%)
BCLC stage grade
0	5 (4%)	0 (0%)	5 (8%)	0.0001	1 (2%)	4 (5%)	0.0001
A	51 (38%)	15 (20%)	36 (61%)		7 (13%)	44 (54%)
B	40 (30%)	40 (53%)	0 (0%)		28 (52%)	12 (15%)
C	37 (27%)	21 (28%)	16 (27%)		18 (33%)	19 (23%)
D	2 (1%)	0 (0%)	2 (3%)		0 (0%)	2 (2%)

The symbol indicates a significant value. Y90‐RE = yttrium‐90 radioembolization; HCC = hepatocellular carcinoma; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ALBI = albumin‐bilirubin; MELD = model for end‐stage liver disease; AAPR = Albuminato-alkaline phosphatase ratio; BCLC = Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.