Predictors of Successful Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Bridging or Downstaging in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Table 3

Clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Baseline symptoms	Outside Milan criteria	Inside Milan criteria	value	Unfavorable response	Favorable response	value
Encephalopathy	3 (4%)	0 (0%)	0.2	3 (6%)	0 (0%)	0.6
Ascites	10 (13%)	3 (5%)	0.09	9 (17%)	4 (5%)	0.02
Fatigue	20 (26%)	9 (15%)	0.09	16 (30%)	13 (16%)	0.048
Abdominal pain	15 (20%)	9 (15%)	0.3	15 (28%)	9 (11%)	0.01
Nausea	3 (4%)	1 (1%)	0.4	1 (2%)	3 (4%)	0.5
Vomiting	1 (1%)	1 (2%)	0.7	1 (2%)	1 (1%)	0.6
Anorexia	3 (4%)	1 (2%)	0.4	2 (4%)	2 (2%)	0.5
Constipation	4 (5%)	1 (2%)	0.3	3 (6%)	2 (2%)	0.3
Fever	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1
Baseline laboratory levels
INR	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	1
AFP (ng/mL)	227 ± 453	314 ± 614	0.4	308 ± 513	233 ± 532	0.5
Aspartate transaminase (U/L)	62 ± 45	52 ± 38	0.2	60 ± 37	56 ± 46	0.6
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	137 ± 91	107 ± 53	0.02	143 ± 100	111 ± 55	0.04∗
Alanine transaminase (U/L)	51 ± 46	45 ± 37	0.4	50 ± 40	48 ± 44	0.7
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.9 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.6	0.2	1.0 ± 0.5	0.9 ± 0.5	0.9
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.1 ± 0.9	1.1 ± 0.9	0.9	1.0 ± 0.5	1.1 ± 1.1	0.5
Albumin (g/dL)	3.5 ± 0.4	3.7 ± 0.5	0.02	3.4 ± 0.4	3.7 ± 0.5	0.002
Sodium (mEq/L)	138 ± 2.9	138 ± 2.8	0.2	138 ± 3.0	137 ± 2.8	0.4
Post Y90-RE symptoms
Encephalopathy	0 (0%)	1 (2%)	0.4	0 (0%)	1 (1%)	0.6
Ascites	20 (26%)	7 (12%)	0.03	18 (33%)	9 (11%)	0.001
Fatigue	29 (38%)	15 (25%)	0.08	20 (37%)	24 (30%)	0.2
Abdominal pain	25 (33%)	16 (27%)	0.3	18 (33%)	23 (28%)	0.3
Nausea	11 (14%)	10 (17%)	0.5	11 (20%)	10 (12%)	0.1
Vomiting	2 (3%)	4 (7%)	0.2	2 (4%)	4 (5%)	0.6
Anorexia	9 (12%)	6 (10%)	0.5	6 (11%)	9 (11%)	0.6
Constipation	4 (5%)	0 (0%)	0.1	2 (4%)	2 (2%)	0.5
Fever	1 (1%)	0 (0%)	0.6	0 (0%)	1 (1%)	0.6
Post Y90-RE laboratory levels
INR	1.2 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.2	0.4	1.3 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.5	0.5
AFP (ng/mL)	311 ± 576	134 ± 392	0.9	452 ± 656	77 ± 286	0.002
Aspartate transaminase (U/L)	65 ± 45	51 ± 37	0.7	65 ± 47	54 ± 38	0.2
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	161 ± 114	124 ± 58	0.02	169 ± 130	127 ± 55	0.04
Alanine transaminase (U/L)	47 ± 43	39 ± 28	0.2	43 ± 32	44 ± 40	0.8
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.1 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 0.7	0.8	1.2 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 0.7	0.7
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.1 ± 1.1	1.1 ± 0.9	0.9	1.0 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 1.2	0.7
Albumin (g/dL)	3.3 ± 0.6	3.6 ± 0.5	0.004	3.1 ± 0.7	3.6 ± 0.5	≤0.0001
Sodium (mEq/L)	136 ± 2.7	137 ± 3.3	0.2	136 ± 2.8	137 ± 3.1	0.06

The symbol indicates a significant value. INR = international normalized ratio; AFP = alpha-fetoprotein. AFP = alpha-fetoprotein; Y90‐RE = yttrium‐90 radioembolization.