Gene Polymorphism of MUC15, MMP14, BRAF, and COL1A1 Is Associated with Capsule Formation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Table 1

Characteristics of patients.

Variable	Capsule (n = 89)		Noncapsule (n = 96)		value
Age (years), mean ± SD	59.47 ± 10.425		58.56 ± 10.602		0.586
Sex, n (%)
Male	69	77.50%	80	83.30%	0.319
Female	20	22.50%	16	16.70%
HBsAg
>250	53	59.60%	49	51.00%	0.243
≤250	36	40.40%	47	49.00%
HBV DNA (copies), n (%)
≥1000	15	16.90%	12	13.00%	0.402
＜1000	74	83.10%	84	88.00%
Liver cirrhosis, n (%)
Yes	75	84.30%	88	91.67%	0.12
No	14	15.70%	8	8.96%
Child–Pugh class, n (%)
A	89	89.89%	72	75.00%	0.024
B	8	8.99%	23	24.00%
C	1	1.12%	1	1.00%
ALT (IU/L), n (%)
≥40	24	27.00%	32	33.30%	0.346
＜40	65	73.00%	64	66.70%
AST (IU/L), n (%)
≥40	30	33.70%	32	33.30%	0.957
＜40	59	66.30%	64	66.70%
Tbil (mg/dL), n (%)					0.407
≥17.1	11	12.36%	16	16.67%
＜17.1	78	87.64%	80	83.33%
ALB					0.072
≥40	24	25.30%	20	32.60%
＜40	71	74.70%	69	67.40%
Tumor number, n (%)		89			0.552
1	47	52.81%	43	44.79%
2	11	12.36%	14	14.58%
≥3	31	34.83%	39	40.63%
Tumor max diameters (mm), n (%)					0.182
≤5	47	52.81%	60	62.50%
＞5	42	47.19%	36	37.50%
Tumor location, n (%)					0.884
Left lobe	11	12.36%	12	12.50%
Right lobe	45	50.56%	46	47.92%
Both	31	34.83%	37	38.54%
S1	2	2.25%	1	1.04%
BCLC stage, n (%)					0.35
0	6	6.74%	13	13.54%
A	24	26.97%	16	16.67%
B	28	31.46%	31	32.29%
C	30	33.71%	35	36.46%
D	1	1.12%	1	1.04%
AFP (ng/mL), n (%)					0.81
≤400	61	70.93%	63	69.23%
＞400	25	29.07%	28	30.77%
Extra-hepatic metastasis, n (%)		89			0.68
No	78	87.64%	86	89.58%
Yes	11	12.36%	10	10.42%
Vascular invasion, n (%)					0.31
No	68	76.40%	67	69.79%
yes	21	23.60%	29	30.21%
PVTT, n (%)	89		96		0.312
No	68	76.40%	67	69.79%
Yes	21	23.60%	29	30.21%
HVTT, n (%)					0.892
No	83	93.26%	90	93.75%
Yes	6	6.74%	6	6.25%

SD: stand deviation, AFP: alpha-fetoprotein levels, Alb: albumin, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, AL: alanine aminotransferase, T Bil: total bilirubin, PVTT: portal vein tumor thrombosis, HVTT: hepatic vein tumor thrombosis.