Rising Healthcare Costs and Utilization among Young Adults with Cirrhosis in Ontario: A Population-Based Study

Table 1

Demographic and disease characteristics of young adults with cirrhosis, IBD, and asthma in Ontario 2007–2016.

	Cirrhosis (n = 29,980)	IBD (n = 48,199)	Asthma (n = 541,727)
Age, median years (IQR)	33 [28–37]	29 [24–35]	30 [24–35]
Male sex, n (%)	17,132 (57)	22,455 [47]	207,145 [38]
Cirrhosis etiology, n (%)
NAFLD	17,949 (60)	—	—
ALD	4,648 [16]	—	—
HCV	3,320 [11]	—	—
HBV	2,424 [8]	—	—
AILD	1,394 [5]	—	—
Genetic	245 [1]	—	—
IBD subtype, n (%)
Crohn’s disease	—	23,008 [48]	—
Ulcerative colitis	—	23,442 [49]	—
Indeterminate colitis	—	1,749 [4]	—
Income quintile, n (%)
1—lowest	7,770 [26]	8,467 [18]	127,659 [24]
2	6,406 [21]	9,509 [20]	113,104 [21]
3	5,843 [20]	9,693 [20]	106,340 [20]
4	5,358 [18]	10,498 [22]	100,813 [19]
5—highest	4,371 [15]	9,582 [20]	88,158 [17]
Missing	232 [1]	450 [1]	5,653 [1]
Rurality, n (%)
>10,000 (urban)	27,228 (91)	42,438 (88)	483,158 (90)
≤10,000 (rural)	2,718 [9]	5,619 [12]	56,777 [10]
Missing	34 (0.1)	142 (0.3)	1,792 (0.3)
CCI, n (%)
0	27,821 (93)	47,449 (98)	531,292 (98)
1	955 [3]	454 [1]	6,595 [1]
2–3	780 [3]	242 (0.5)	3,010 [1]
≥4	415 [1]	54 (0.1)	830 (0.2)
ODB utilization, n (%)	15,089 [50]	22,922 [48]	243,365 [45]

IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IQR: interquartile range; UC: ulcerative colitis; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ALD: alcohol-related liver disease; HCV: hepatitis C; HBV: hepatitis B; AI: autoimmune liver disease; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index.