Research Article

Rising Healthcare Costs and Utilization among Young Adults with Cirrhosis in Ontario: A Population-Based Study

Table 3

Direct healthcare costs and utilization of young adults with cirrhosis in Ontario (2016).

Direct costsNAFLD n = 17,106ALD n = 3,591HCV n = 2,863HBV n = 2,312AILD n = 1,211Genetic n = 222

Inpatient
 Per-patient mean CAD (sd)$1,167 ($10,419)$4,555 ($19,404)$3,201 ($20,390)$904 ($12,327)$5,711 ($22,413)$4,107 ($18,420)
 Total CAD$19,961,196$16,357,310$9,162,395$2,091,184$6,916,866$911,831
Emergency room
 Per-patient mean CAD (sd)$178 ($555)$715 ($2,531)$432 ($1,105)$93 ($332)$420 ($925)$324 ($957)
 Total CAD$3,046,894$2,569,248$1,239,093$215,067$509,383$72,053
Subspecialist
 Per-patient mean CAD (sd)$37 ($179)$100 ($367)$77 ($262)$77 ($173)$299 ($540)$108 ($345)
 Total CAD$646,619$361,728$220,723$178,082$362,842$24,082
Drug
 Per-patient mean CAD (sd)$768 ($8,588)$1,146 ($3,021)$6,366 ($18,603)$1,162 ($3,457)$1,279 ($ 4,472)$2,102 ($ 7,039)
 Total CAD$13,142,439$4,117,969$18,220,342$2,688,140$1,549,503$466,730
Overall
 Per-patient mean CAD (sd)$4,330 ($18,337)$10,475 ($26,721)$14,041 ($31,468)$4,146 ($16,627)$12,782 ($31,520)$12,411 ($29,329)
 Total CAD$74,050,835$37,616,964$40,184,953$9,585,003$15,478,568$2,755,202
Utilization
Hospitalization, n (%)1,237 (7.2)750 (20.9)398 (9.5)116 (5.0)256 (21.1)33 (14.9)
 Length of stay, med (IQR)3 [28]6 [316]6 [314]3 [27]7 [321]5 [320]
 ICU admission, n (%)308 (17.2)305 (20.6)159 (22.5)34 (11.2)109 (21.4)14 (19.5)
 30-day readmission, n (%)135 (7.5)164 (11.1)67 (9.5)10 (6.6)67 (13.1)8 (11.1)
ER visit, n (%)4,893 (28.6)1,786 (49.7)1,180 (41.2)400 (17.3)505 (41.7)71 (32.0)
GI visit, n (%)2,240 (13.1)767 (21.4)738 (25.8)968 (41.9)806 (66.6)80 (36.0)
Primary care visit, n (%)13,908 (81.3)2,927 (81.5)2,422 (84.6)1,828 (79.1)1.026 (84.7)171 (77.0)

NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ALD: alcohol-related liver disease; HCV: hepatitis C; HBV: hepatitis B; AILD: autoimmune liver disease; CAD: Canadian dollars; sd: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; med: median; ICU: intensive care unit; ER: emergency room; GI: gastroenterologist.