Risk Factors for Esophageal Collateral Veins in Cirrhosis with and without Previous Endoscopic Esophageal Variceal Therapy
Table 3
Univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factors for ECVs.
Variables
No. Ptsa
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
Odds ratio
95% CI
value
Odds ratio
95% CI
value
Age (Years)
241
1.010
0.985–1.035
0.436
Sex (male)
241
1.227
0.701–2.148
0.474
Etiology of liver diseases
Hepatitis B virus infection
241
1.411
0.843–2.363
0.191
Hepatitis C virus infection
241
0.272
0.095–0.782
0.016
0.250
0.074–0.846
0.026
Alcohol abuse
241
1.152
0.683–1.943
0.596
Drug related
241
1.029
0.410–2.581
0.952
Autoimmune liver diseases
241
0.634
0.228–1.760
0.381
Clinical presentations at admission
Hepatic encephalopathy
241
0.204
0.022–1.851
0.158
Gastrointestinal bleeding
241
1.415
0.838–2.388
0.194
Ascites
241
1.479
0.887–2.464
0.133
History
History of gastrointestinal bleeding
241
1.164
0.681–1.989
0.597
History of endoscopic variceal therapy
241
1.608
0.960–2.693
0.071
EVL alone as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach
241
1.687
1.012–2.814
0.045
1.929
1.016–3.661
0.044
EIS alone as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach
241
0.826
0.331–2.065
0.683
Interval between last endoscopic variceal therapy and CT (days)
136
1.000
0.999–1.001
0.772
NSBBs within 1 month before admission
190
0.615
0.284–1.332
0.218
Laboratory data
Red blood cell (1012/L)
241
1.060
0.798–1.408
0.687
Hemoglobin (g/L)
241
0.994
0.985–1.003
0.181
White blood cell (109/L)
241
0.876
0.793–0.968
0.010
Platelet (109/L)
241
0.994
0.990–0.998
0.003
0.993
0.988–0.998
0.008
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)
241
1.000
0.990–1.009
0.928
Albumin (g/L)
241
1.006
0.966–1.048
0.777
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)
241
0.987
0.975–1.000
0.043
0.989
0.973–1.004
0.152
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
241
0.992
0.983–1.001
0.084
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)
241
0.996
0.992–1.000
0.047
1.000
0.996–1.004
0.966
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L)
241
0.999
0.998–1.001
0.274
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
241
0.976
0.886–1.075
0.623
Creatinine (µmol/L)
241
1.010
0.994–1.026
0.209
Potassium (mmol/L)
241
1.227
0.670–2.244
0.508
Sodium (mmol/L)
241
0.988
0.910–1.072
0.763
Prothrombin time (seconds)
241
1.078
0.970–1.198
0.162
Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds)
241
1.015
0.970–1.063
0.517
International normalized ratio
241
2.007
0.765–5.262
0.157
Child-Pugh score
241
1.030
0.883–1.202
0.707
MELD score
241
1.053
0.992–1.117
0.088
1.061
0.987–1.140
0.110
EVs on endoscopyb
209
5.518
2.279–13.358
<0.0001
EVNTs on endoscopyb
208c
2.273
1.304–3.962
0.004
2.422
1.297–4.522
0.006
Notes:aECVs could not be evaluated because the venous vessels were not obviously enhanced in 2 patients; bas for the patients who underwent endoscopic variceal therapy, only EVs on endoscopy performed after CT during the same hospitalizations were evaluated; as for the patients who did not undergo endoscopic variceal therapy, EVs on endoscopy performed during the same hospitalizations were evaluated, regardless of the order of CT and endoscopy; cEVNTs could not be evaluated due to the absence of detailed grade of EVs in their endoscopic reports. CI, confidence interval; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; EIS, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy; CT, computed tomography; NSBBs, nonselective beta-blockers; MELD, model for end stage of liver disease; EVs, esophageal varices; ECVs, esophageal collateral veins.
