Risk Factors for Esophageal Collateral Veins in Cirrhosis with and without Previous Endoscopic Esophageal Variceal Therapy
Table 5
Univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factors for ECVs in patients with previous endoscopic variceal therapy.
Variables
No. Ptsa
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
Odds ratio
95% CI
value
Odds ratio
95% CI
value
Age (years)
140
1.028
0.994–1.062
0.107
Sex (male)
140
1.965
0.935–4.130
0.075
1.171
0.312–4.391
0.815
Etiology of liver diseases
Hepatitis B virus infection
140
1.668
0.843–3.300
0.142
Hepatitis C virus infection
140
0.132
0.027–0.635
0.012
NA
NA
0.999
Alcohol abuse
140
1.403
0.682–2.885
0.358
Drug related
140
0.497
0.107–2.310
0.372
Autoimmune liver diseases
140
0.362
0.101–1.299
0.119
Clinical presentations at admission
Hepatic encephalopathy
140
NA
NA
0.999
Gastrointestinal bleeding
140
1.757
0.841–3.671
0.134
Ascites
140
1.175
0.597–2.313
0.641
History
History of gastrointestinal bleeding
140
0.238
0.051–1.118
0.069
NA
NA
0.999
EVL alone as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach
140
1.553
0.601–4.016
0.364
EIS alone as last endoscopic variceal therapeutic approach
140
0.644
0.249–1.665
0.364
Interval between last endoscopic variceal therapy and CT (days)
136
1.000
0.999–1.001
0.772
NSBBs within 1 month before admission
119
0.459
0.197–1.068
0.071
0.294
0.091–0.957
0.042
Laboratory data
Red blood cell (1012/L)
140
1.028
0.670–1.578
0.899
Hemoglobin (g/L)
140
0.998
0.985–1.011
0.747
White blood cell (109/L)
140
0.840
0.717–0.984
0.031
Platelet (109/L)
140
0.994
0.989–0.999
0.027
0.993
0.983–1.003
0.157
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)
140
1.000
0.976–1.025
0.997
Albumin (g/L)
140
1.013
0.956–1.073
0.654
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)
140
0.979
0.955–1.004
0.102
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
140
0.990
0.972–1.008
0.258
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)
140
0.989
0.982–0.997
0.004
0.997
0.989–1.006
0.536
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L)
140
0.996
0.990–1.002
0.204
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
140
1.018
0.896–1.156
0.784
Creatinine (µmol/L)
140
1.033
1.005–1.062
0.022
Potassium (mmol/L)
140
0.867
0.361–2.080
0.749
Sodium (mmol/L)
140
0.983
0.867–1.115
0.794
Prothrombin time (seconds)
140
1.066
0.899–1.264
0.461
Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds)
140
0.983
0.920–1.050
0.609
International normalized ratio
140
1.725
0.392–7.590
0.471
Child-Pugh score
140
1.020
0.785–1.324
0.885
MELD score
140
1.088
0.990–1.196
0.079
1.232
0.982–1.544
0.071
EVs on endoscopyb
108
2.046
0.605–6.915
0.249
EVNTs on endoscopyb
108
2.186
0.955–5.001
0.064
2.931
0.879–9.780
0.080
Notes:aECVs could not be evaluated because the venous vessels were not obviously enhanced in 1 patient; bas for the patients who underwent endoscopic variceal therapy, only EVs on endoscopy performed after CT during the same hospitalizations were evaluated; as for the patients who did not undergo endoscopic variceal therapy, EVs on endoscopy performed during the same hospitalizations were evaluated, regardless of the order of CT and endoscopy. CI, confidence interval; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; EIS, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy; CT, computed tomography; NSBBs, nonselective beta-blockers; MELD, model for end stage of liver disease; EVs, esophageal varices; ECVs, esophageal collateral veins; NA, not available.
