Risk Factors for Esophageal Collateral Veins in Cirrhosis with and without Previous Endoscopic Esophageal Variceal Therapy
Table 6
Comparison of patients without previous endoscopic variceal therapy between ECVs and no ECVs groups.
Variables
ECVs
No ECVs
value
No. Ptsa
Mean ± SD Median (range) or frequency (percentage)
No. Ptsa
Mean ± SD Median (range) or frequency (percentage)
Age (Years)
48
52.52 ± 10.88
53
54.67 ± 9.51
0.348
Sex (male)
48
32 (66.7%)
53
40 (75.5%)
0.329
Etiology of liver diseases
Hepatitis B virus infection
48
17 (35.4%)
53
19 (35.8%)
0.964
Hepatitis C virus infection
48
3 (6.2%)
53
5 (9.4%)
0.824
Alcohol abuse
48
21 (43.8%)
53
23 (4.34%)
0.971
Drug related
48
8 (16.7%)
53
5 (9.4%)
0.278
Autoimmune liver diseases
48
3 (6.2%)
53
2 (3.8%)
0.909
Clinical presentations at admission
Hepatic encephalopathy
48
1 (2.1%)
53
2 (3.8%)
1.000
Gastrointestinal bleeding
48
24 (50.0%)
53
23 (43.4%)
0.506
Ascites (no/mild/moderate-severe)
48
18 (37.5%)/16 (33.3%)/14 (29.2%)
53
29 (54.7%)/14 (26.4%)/10 (18.9%)
0.209
History
History of gastrointestinal bleeding
48
17 (35.4%)
53
16 (30.2%)
0.576
NSBBs within 1 month before admission
35
0 (0.0%)
36
1 (2.8%)
1.000
Laboratory data
Red blood cell (1012/L)
48
3.56 ± 1.20 3.51 (1.59–9.92)
53
3.51 ± 0.87 3.71 (1.91–5.05)
0.897
Hemoglobin (g/L)
48
97.40 ± 31.20 96.00 (28.00–181.00)
53
107.42 ± 32.45 106.00 (37.00–159.00)
0.103
White blood cell (109/L)
48
4.05 ± 4.06 3.15 (0.70–21.60)
53
5.19 ± 3.38 4.5.0 (1.00–20.80)
0.002
Platelet (109/L)
48
86.10 ± 93.50 66.50 (26.00–681.00)
53
125.19 ± 90.92 98.00 (30.00–470.00)
0.003
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)
48
33.30 ± 37.83 20.95 (5.60–215.30)
53
31.24 ± 37.02 19.30 (6.20–216.50)
0.324
Albumin (g/L)
48
33.68 ± 6.16 33.65 (14.20–45.10)
53
34.11 ± 6.92 34.60 (19.00–50.60)
0.916
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)
48
30.61 ± 21.43 21.24 (4.23–99.13)
53
41.26 ± 52.10 28.57 (4.47–332.50)
0.395
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
48
44.33 ± 29.87 32.20 (15.35–151.35)
53
54.57 ± 58.09 38.96 (8.74–376.35)
0.589
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)
48
120.94 ± 76.83 94.56 (33.00–399.34)
53
128.10 ± 142.35 83.00 (31.00–983.93)
0.395
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L)
48
132.48 ± 305.66 41.52 (11.42–1779.18)
53
133.09 ± 247.23 41.56 (8.23–1283.03)
0.903
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
48
5.16 ± 1.52 4.99 (2.31–9.53)
53
5.83 ± 3.12 5.29 (1.86–18.83)
0.799
Creatinine (µmol/L)
48
67.84 ± 24.56 63.03 (37.66–178.55)
53
66.99 ± 17.50 64.75 (27.95–112.58)
0.572
Potassium (mmol/L)
48
3.87 ± 0.50 3.94 (2.70–5.19)
53
3.79 ± 0.43 3.95 (2.42–4.64)
0.452
Sodium (mmol/L)
48
138.84 ± 3.35 139.75 (127.00–143.40)
53
138.92 ± 3.92 139.60 (118.00–145.20)
0.984
Prothrombin time (seconds)
48
17.03 ± 2.60 16.45 (12.50–23.10)
53
16.17 ± 3.34 15.20 (12.60–28.00)
0.010
Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds)
48
42.13 ± 5.72 41.90 (30.30–58.10)
53
40.20 ± 6.47 40.10 (19.80–55.30)
0.134
International normalized ratio
48
1.40 ± 0.27 1.33 (1.01–2.07)
53
1.31 ± 0.36 1.20 (0.94–2.77)
0.007
Child-Pugh score
48
7.23 ± 1.99 7.00 (5.00–12.00)
53
6.92 ± 2.02 6.00 (5.00–13.00)
0.350
Child-Pugh class (A/B/C)
48
23 (47.9%)/17 (35.4%)/8 (16.75)
53
28 (52.8%)/20 (37.7%)/5 (9.4%)
0.554
MELD score
48
7.99 ± 5.09 6.72 (0.03–24.73)
53
6.78 ± 5.19 6.09 (−2.13–27.42)
0.163
EVs on endoscopy
48
46 (95.8%)
53
33 (62.3%)
<0.0001
EVNTs on endoscopy
47b
39 (80.9%)
53
27 (50.9%)
0.002
Notes:aECVs could not be evaluated because the venous vessels were not obviously enhanced in 1 patient; bEVNTs could not be evaluated due to the absence of detailed grade of EVs in their endoscopic reports. Pts, patients; SD, standard deviation; NSBBs, nonselective beta-blockers; MELD, model for end stage of liver disease; EVs, esophageal varices; ECVs, esophageal collateral veins.
