Risk Factors for Esophageal Collateral Veins in Cirrhosis with and without Previous Endoscopic Esophageal Variceal Therapy
Table 7
Univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factors for ECVs in patients without previous endoscopic variceal therapy.
Variables
No. Ptsa
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
Odds ratio
95% CI
value
Odds ratio
95% CI
value
Age (years)
101
0.979
0.941–1.018
0.291
Sex (male)
101
1.538
0.646–3.661
0.330
Etiology of liver diseases
Hepatitis B virus infection
101
0.981
0.434–2.218
0.964
Hepatitis C virus infection
101
0.640
0.145–2.834
0.557
Alcohol abuse
101
1.014
0.462–2.230
0.971
Drug related
101
1.920
0.582–6.334
0.284
Autoimmune liver diseases
101
1.700
0.272–10.635
0.571
Clinical presentations at admission
Hepatic encephalopathy
101
0.543
0.048–6.181
0.622
Gastrointestinal bleeding
101
1.304
0.595–2.858
0.507
Ascites
101
2.014
0.908–4.465
0.085
1.488
0.628–3.527
0.367
History
History of gastrointestinal bleeding
101
1.268
0.551–2.917
0.576
NSBBs within 1 month before admission
71
NA
NA
1.000
Laboratory data
Red blood cell (1012/L)
101
1.042
0.712–1.526
0.832
Hemoglobin (g/L)
101
0.99
0.978–1.003
0.119
White blood cell (109/L)
101
0.911
0.805–1.031
0.141
Platelet (109/L)
101
0.994
0.987–1.000
0.054
0.995
0.990–1.001
0.092
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)
101
1.001
0.991–1.012
0.781
Albumin (g/L)
101
0.990
0.932–1.051
0.737
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)
101
0.992
0.979–1.005
0.219
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
101
0.995
0.985–1.005
0.292
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)
101
0.999
0.996–1.003
0.756
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L)
101
1.000
0.999–1.001
0.991
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
101
0.891
0.750–1.059
0.191
Creatinine (µmol/L)
101
1.002
0.983–1.021
0.839
Potassium (mmol/L)
101
1.505
0.635–3.564
0.353
Sodium (mmol/L)
101
0.994
0.892–1.107
0.912
Prothrombin time (seconds)
101
1.102
0.963–1.262
0.158
Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds)
101
1.054
0.986–1.127
0.121
International normalized ratio
101
2.543
0.705–9.174
0.154
Child-Pugh score
101
1.080
0.887–1.315
0.444
MELD score
101
1.048
0.969–1.134
0.243
EVs on endoscopy
101
13.939
3.046–63.783
0.001
EVNTs on endoscopy
100b
4.066
1.646–10.044
0.002
3.714
1.469–9.391
0.006
Notes: aECVs could not be evaluated because the venous vessels were not obviously enhanced in 1 patient;bEVNTs could not be evaluated due to the absence of detailed grade of EVs in their endoscopic reports. CI, confidence interval; NSBBs, nonselective beta-blockers; MELD, model for end stage of liver disease; EVs, esophageal varices; ECVs, esophageal collateral veins.
