Research Article
Prognostic Role of MELD-Lactate in Cirrhotic Patients’ Short- and Long-Term Prognosis, Stratified by Causes of Cirrhosis
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population, stratified by survival.
| | Parameter | All patients (N = 469) | Survivors (N = 338) | Nonsurvivors (N = 131) | value |
| | Age (years) | 55.6 (48.8–65.0) | 55.7 (47.9–65.7) | 55.1 (49.9–63.7) | 0.804 | | Sex: male | 307 (65.5) | 223 (66.0) | 84 (64.1) | 0.705 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 (24.1–32.4) | 28.5 (24.0–32.3) | 29.2 (25.1–33.5) | 0.344 | | Ethnicity | | | | 0.159 | | White | 342 (72.9) | 251 (74.3) | 91 (69.5) | | | Black | 30 (6.4) | 24 (7.1) | 6 (4.6) | | | Others | 97 (20.7) | 63 (18.6) | 34 (26.0) | | | Causes of cirrhosis | | | | | | Alcoholic | 260 (55.4) | 182 (53.8) | 78 (59.5) | 0.266 | | Hepatitis B | 12 (2.6) | 7 (2.1) | 5 (3.8) | 0.283 | | Hepatitis C | 118 (25.2) | 81 (24.0) | 37 (28.2) | 0.338 | | Biliary | 8 (1.7) | 8 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.113 | | Autoimmune | 4 (0.9) | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.8) | 1.000 | | Others | 133 (28.4) | 103 (30.5) | 30 (22.9) | 0.103 | | Primary cause of ICU admission | | | | | | Infection/sepsis | 129 (27.5) | 95 (28.1) | 34 (26.0) | 0.640 | | Bleeding | 107 (22.8) | 83 (24.6) | 24 (18.3) | 0.149 | | Respiratory | 16 (3.4) | 12 (3.6) | 4 (3.1) | 1.000 | | Cardiovascular | 54 (11.5) | 44 (13.0) | 10 (7.6) | 0.101 | | Renal failure | 24 (5.1) | 11 (3.3) | 13 (9.9) | 0.003 | | Neurological failure | 49 (10.4) | 36 (10.7) | 13 (9.9) | 0.817 | | Others | 90 (19.2) | 57 (16.9) | 33 (25.2) | 0.040 | | Comorbidity | | | | | | Hypertension | 117 (24.9) | 82 (24.3) | 35 (26.7) | 0.581 | | Diabetes | 121 (25.8) | 85 (25.1) | 36 (27.5) | 0.604 | | Vital signs | | | | | | Temperature (°C) | 36.7 (36.3–37.2) | 36.7 (36.4–37.3) | 36.4 (36.0–36.9) | <0.001 | | Heart rate | 90.5 (79.0–103.3) | 88.6 (78.0–102.2) | 95.1 (81.3–104.4) | 0.046 | | MAP (mmHg) | 73.0 (67.6–80.7) | 74.8 (69.1–82.2) | 69.6 (64.3–75.1) | <0.001 | | Respiratory rate | 18.9 (16.1–22.1) | 18.4 (15.9–21.0) | 20.5 (17.1–24.7) | <0.001 | | SpO2/FiO2 | 183.0 (172.9–456.6) | 198.7 (175.1–457.7) | 174.9 (168.8–454.5) | <0.001 | | 24-h urine output (mL) | 1119 (570–1890) | 1325 (759–2000) | 571 (175–1119) | <0.001 | | Mechanical ventilation duration (hours) | 37.0 (0.0–121.7) | 22.4 (0.0–123.0) | 59.7 (12.0–120.5) | 0.006 | | Length of ICU stay (day) | 4.0 (2.4–8.4) | 3.9 (2.3–8.8) | 4.2 (2.6–7.3) | 0.571 | | Laboratory parameters | | | | | | Hb (mg/dL) | 9.9 (9.0–11.1) | 10.0 (9.1–11.2) | 9.7 (8.6–11.0) | 0.041 | | WBC (109/L) | 10.5 (7.4–15.7) | 10.2 (7.4–14.6) | 11.7 (7.5–19.3) | 0.018 | | Platelet (109/L) | 99.8 (70.1–151.3) | 108.2 (74.3–159.0) | 86.0 (61.8–116.0) | <0.001 | | INR | 1.7 (1.5–2.1) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 2.1 (1.8–2.9) | <0.001 | | PT (seconds) | 18.0 (15.6–21.4) | 16.8 (15.3–19.7) | 21.1 (18.4–25.2) | <0.001 | | PTT (seconds) | 39.5 (33.5–49.2) | 37.4 (32.4–44.3) | 46.6 (39.3–63.2) | <0.001 | | Glucose (mg/dL) | 126.7 (103.0–158.0) | 127.5 (103.3–157.6) | 124.5 (101.2–158.3) | 0.823 | | Sodium (mEq/L) | 138.0 (134.0–141.1) | 138.0 (135.3–141.2) | 136.0 (131.0–141.0) | <0.001 | | Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.1 (3.7–4.5) | 4.1 (3.7–4.4) | 4.3 (3.8–4.7) | 0.002 | | BUN (mg/dL) | 29.5 (17.0–50.0) | 26.0 (15.5–44.3) | 41.4 (26.5–63.0) | <0.001 | | Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.3 (0.8–2.5) | 1.1 (0.8–2.0) | 1.9 (1.2–3.4) | <0.001 | | Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 3.3 (1.6–7.7) | 2.8 (1.4–5.3) | 7.2 (3.2–16.6) | <0.001 | | Albumin (g/dL) | 2.8 (2.6–3.0) | 2.8 (2.6–3.0) | 2.8 (2.5–3.1) | 0.291 | | Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.2 (1.6–3.8) | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) | 3.4 (2.1–6.6) | <0.001 | | Clinical scores | | | | | | Child-Pugh | 10 (9–11) | 10 (9–11) | 11 (10–11) | <0.001 | | SOFA | 9 (6–11) | 8 (6–10) | 12 (10–14) | <0.001 | | CLIF-SOFA | 9 (7–12) | 9 (6–11) | 12 (10–15) | <0.001 | | MELD | 16 (10–25) | 13 (8–20) | 26 (17–34) | <0.001 | | MELD-LA | 15 (11–18) | 13 (10–16) | 19 (16–24) | <0.001 |
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Values are expressed as n (%) or median (IQR). UC, ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’ s disease; BMI, body mass index.
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