Plasma S100A8 and S100A9 Are Strong Prognostic Factors for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with HBV-ACLF.
Total
Survivors
Nonsurvivors
Value
Total (n)
187
108
79
Male
164 (87.7%)
97 (89.8%)
67 (84.8%)
0.303
Age (years)
46.0 (38.0–53.0)
43.0 (36.0–51.0)
50.0 (44.0–57.0)
<0.001
ALT (U/L)
103.5 (59.3–258.8)
97.0 (59.5–207.5)
117.0 (62.0–290.0)
0.985
AST (U/L)
110.0 (70.0–239.0)
105.5 (67.0–205.5)
112.0 (74.0–258.5)
0.315
ALB (g/L)
35.0 (31.9–38.0)
35.0 (31.0–38.0)
35.0 (32.0–38.0)
0.527
TB (umol/L)
336.8 (219.4–485.5)
274.2 (170.1–428.7)
436.5 (298.2–569.0)
<0.001
WBC (10^9/L)
6.4 (4.2–8.4)
6.0 (4.1–7.5)
7.4 (4.8–9.7)
0.013
HB (g/L)
109.0 (97.0–126.0)
109.5 (99.0–127.5)
108.0 (95.0–124.0)
0.905
PLT (10^9/L)
71.0 (47.3–113.8)
82.0 (56.0–135.0)
56.0 (42.3–82.5)
<0.001
Creatinine (umol/L)
69.0 (57.0–86.5)
67.0 (56.0–77.0)
75.0 (58.5–98.1)
0.003
eGRF (mL/min)
111.1 (84.0–140.3)
116.5 (96.2–142.1)
96.9 (70.7–137.0)
0.007
AFP (ug/L)
44.5 (11.3–169.7)
62.1 (18.4–219.5)
26.0 (6.1–101.8)
0.177
INR
2.2 (1.8–2.7)
1.9 (1.7–2.3)
2.7 (2.3–3.5)
<0.001
PT (s)
23.7 (19.8–28.9)
20.8 (18.2–24.8)
28.2 (24.0–35.9)
<0.001
Precipitating event, N (%)
HBV reactivation
85 (45.5%)
55 (50.9%)
30 (38.0%)
0.079
Superimposed HAV or HEV
3 (1.6%)
2 (1.9%)
1 (1.3%)
0.759
Bacterial infection
19 (10.2%)
10 (9.3%)
9 (11.4%)
0.633
Drug use
10 (5.3%)
4 (3.7%)
6 (7.6%)
0.243
Alcoholism
13 (7.0%)
8 (7.4%)
5 (6.3%)
0.775
Others
57 (30.5%)
29 (26.9%)
28 (35.4%)
0.207
Underlying liver disease, N (%)
Chronic hepatitis B
98 (52.4%)
62 (57.4%)
36 (45.6%)
0.109
Compensated cirrhosis
50 (26.7%)
27 (25.0%)
23 (29.1%)
0.530
Decompensated cirrhosis
39 (20.9%)
19 (17.6%)
20 (25.3%)
0.156
Complications, N (%)
Ascites
113 (60.4%)
57 (52.8%)
56 (70.9%)
0.012
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
12 (6.4%)
2 (1.9%)
10 (12.7%)
0.003
Hepatic encephalopathy
61 (32.6%)
16 (14.8%)
45 (57.0%)
<0.001
Bacterial infection
108 (57.8%)
52 (48.1%)
56 (70.9%)
0.002
Organ failure, N (%)
Liver
147 (78.6%)
74 (68.5%)
73 (92.4%)
<0.001
Kidney
8 (4.3%)
2 (1.9%)
6 (7.6%)
0.055
Coagulation
64 (34.2%)
17 (15.7%)
47 (59.5%)
<0.001
Lung
17 (9.1%)
0 (0%)
17 (21.5%)
<0.001
Cerebral
24 (12.8%)
1 (0.9%)
23 (29.1%)
<0.001
Circulation
15 (8.0%)
0 (0%)
15 (19.0%)
<0.001
Prognostic score
CLIF-SOFAs
7.0 (7.0–9.0)
7.0 (6.0–7.0)
9.0 (8.0–13.0)
<0.001
CLIF-C OFs
9.0 (8.0–10.0)
8.0 (8.0–9.0)
10.0 (10.0–13.0)
<0.001
CLIF-C ACLFs
40.0 (34.5–46.1)
36.3 (32.8–41.1)
46.1 (42.4–52.7)
<0.001
COSSH-ACLFs
6.2 (5.5–7.2)
5.7 (5.2–6.2)
7.4 (6.5–9.2)
<0.001
COSSH-ACLF IIs
8.7 (8.1–9.5)
8.3 (7.8–8.8)
9.6 (9.1–10.3)
<0.001
MELDs
27.0 (23.5–30.8)
24.0 (22.0–27.0)
30.0 (28.0–34.8)
<0.001
Values are expressed as median (IQR) or number of patients (%). HBV-ACLF: hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic live failure; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALB: albumin; TB: total bilirubin; WBC: white blood cell; HB: Hemoglobin; PLT: blood platelet; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; INR: international normalized ratio; PT: prothrombin time; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HAV: hepatitis A virus; HEV: hepatitis E virus; CLIF-SOFAs: Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; CLIF-C OFs: CLIF-Consortium Organ Failure score; CLIF-C ACLFs: CLIF-Consortium ACLF score; COSSH-ACLFs: Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B-ACLF score; and MELDs: Model of End-Stage Liver Disease score.
