The topics of the Special Issue are gastric antral vascular ectasia and vascular lesions of the GI tract, the prevalence and incidence of these conditions are increasing due to a higher life expectancy and patients having multiple comorbidities and use of medications like oral anticoagulants and anti-platelets agents.

There is currently no consensus and little knowledge regarding classification and approach to diagnosis and management, especially in vascular lesions. Furthermore, there is a lack of information/studies regarding long-term follow-up and medical treatment in patients with refractory bleeding or no response to endoscopic therapy. The diversity of vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and GAVE represent a clinical and therapeutic challenge for gastroenterologist and endoscopists. One of the multiple issues is the confusing classification and nomenclature, this makes it difficult to compare studies, decide about proper management, and follow-up. Vascular lesions and GAVE may present with different types of gastrointestinal bleeding: severe, acute, and overt or chronic or occult. Some of these lesions are difficult to visualise endoscopically, resulting in the need for repeated procedures and sometimes the use of different modalities, including advanced imaging and interventional radiology, for their detection and treatment. Furthermore, these types of lesions often start and stop bleeding spontaneously, which makes identification of the bleeding source even more difficult.

This Special Issue welcomes original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Nomenclature of the different vascular lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and to define and describe the different types of GAVE (including clinical presentation for both conditions)
• Describe the pathophysiology of GAVE and vascular lesions in the GI tract
• Describe the small bowel classification of vascular lesions with detailed images of each type and recommended endoscopic treatment
• Recommended endoscopic treatment including advanced endoscopic techniques for different types of vascular lesions in the GI tract
• Recommended treatment options for GAVE and follow-up
• Current recommended medical treatment for patients with refractory/recurrent bleeding from vascular lesions and GAVE
• Future directions for diagnosis and treatment
• Definition and proposed nomenclature/classification of vascular lesions in GI tract
• Pathophysiology and description of GAVE types
• Pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors of vascular lesions in the GI tract
• Small bowel classification and recommended endoscopic treatment
• Endoscopic treatment including advanced endoscopic techniques of vascular lesions in the GI tract (visual descriptions)
• Endoscopic treatment of GAVE and follow-up
• Role of interventional radiology and medical treatment for patients with refractory bleeding