Research Article

Determinants of Mortality in Patients with Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteremia in Southwest China: A Five-Year Case-Control Study

Table 1

Univariate analysis of the clinical characteristics of survival and nonsurvival patients suffered from nosocomial bacteremia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.

CharacteristicsPatientsa valueOR95% CI
Nonsurvivors ()Survivors ()

Male17 (68.0)62 (66.6)1.0001.060.41–2.73
Age (median (IQR)) (years)68 (58, 75)60 (44.5, 70)0.104
Carbapenem resistance24 (96.0)60 (64.5)0.00113.201.71–102.17
Source
Abdominal route0 (0)4 (4.3)0.5770.390.02–7.49
Cerebral spinal route1 (4)6 (6.45)1.0000.600.07–5.27
Central venous route1 (4)6 (6.45)1.0000.600.07–5.27
Primary11 (44)60 (64.5)0.0700.430.18–1.06
Respiratory tract11 (44)11 (11.8)0.0015.862.13–16.08
Skin/soft tissue1 (4)4 (4.3)1.0000.930.09–8.69
Urinary tract0 (0)2 (2.2)1.0000.720.03–15.44
COPD2 (8)2 (2.2)0.1973.960.53–29.62
Coronary heart diseases5 (20)12 (12.9)0.3531.690.53–5.34
Diabetes mellitus4 (16)24 (25.8)0.4290.550.17–1.76
Hepatic diseases4 (16)7 (7.5)0.2432.340.63–8.74
Hypertension6 (24)39 (41.9)0.1120.440.16–1.20
Renal diseases5 (20)9 (9.7)0.1722.330.70–7.73
Malignancy5 (20)10 (10.8)0.3072.080.64–6.75
MODS during hospitalization5 (20)2 (2.2)0.00511.382.06–62.90
APACHE II score on admission (mean ± SD)21.6 ± 1.417.8 ± 0.60.010
APACHE II score on the day of bacteremia (mean ± SD)22.3 ± 1.318.0 ± 0.60.001
ICU stay22 (88)62 (66.6)0.0463.671.02–13.21
Any antibiotic exposure prior to positive blood culture25 (100)82 (88.2)0.1177.110.40–125.0
Duration of previous antimicrobial exposure11 (8, 24)13 (6.5, 23)0.811
Aminoglycosides8 (32)14 (15.1)0.0792.660.96–7.33
Antifungal azoles8 (32)23 (24.7)0.4541.430.55–3.75
β-Lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors11 (44)47 (49.5)0.6540.7690.32–1.87
Cefepime2 (8)9 (9.7)1.0000.810.16–4.02
Carbapenems19 (76)52 (55.9)0.1062.500.91–6.82
Fluoroquinolones12 (32)26 (14.0)0.0892.380.96–5.89
Minocycline2 (8)7 (7.5)1.0001.0680.21–5.50
Third-generation cephalosporins7 (28)29 (31.2)0.8120.860.32–2.28
Nitroimidazoles6 (24)27 (29.0)0.8030.770.28–2.14
Abdominal or thoracic drainages9 (36)35 (37.6)1.0000.930.37–2.34
Central venous catheterization19 (76)47 (50.5)0.0253.101.14–8.46
Mechanical ventilation22 (88)44 (47.3)0.0008.172.29–29.18
Nasogastric tube11 (44)30 (32.3)0.3451.650.67–4.07
Urinary catheterization15 (60)46 (49.5)0.3761.530.62–3.76
Adequate empirical antibiotic therapy7 (28)53 (57)0.0130.290.11–0.77

APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI: confidence interval; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range; OR: odds ratio; SD: standard deviation; MODS: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. aData were expressed as the number (%) of patients unless stated otherwise.