Determinants of Mortality in Patients with Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteremia in Southwest China: A Five-Year Case-Control Study
Table 1
Univariate analysis of the clinical characteristics of survival and nonsurvival patients suffered from nosocomial bacteremia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.
Characteristics
Patientsa
value
OR
95% CI
Nonsurvivors ()
Survivors ()
Male
17 (68.0)
62 (66.6)
1.000
1.06
0.41–2.73
Age (median (IQR)) (years)
68 (58, 75)
60 (44.5, 70)
0.104
—
—
Carbapenem resistance
24 (96.0)
60 (64.5)
0.001
13.20
1.71–102.17
Source
Abdominal route
0 (0)
4 (4.3)
0.577
0.39
0.02–7.49
Cerebral spinal route
1 (4)
6 (6.45)
1.000
0.60
0.07–5.27
Central venous route
1 (4)
6 (6.45)
1.000
0.60
0.07–5.27
Primary
11 (44)
60 (64.5)
0.070
0.43
0.18–1.06
Respiratory tract
11 (44)
11 (11.8)
0.001
5.86
2.13–16.08
Skin/soft tissue
1 (4)
4 (4.3)
1.000
0.93
0.09–8.69
Urinary tract
0 (0)
2 (2.2)
1.000
0.72
0.03–15.44
COPD
2 (8)
2 (2.2)
0.197
3.96
0.53–29.62
Coronary heart diseases
5 (20)
12 (12.9)
0.353
1.69
0.53–5.34
Diabetes mellitus
4 (16)
24 (25.8)
0.429
0.55
0.17–1.76
Hepatic diseases
4 (16)
7 (7.5)
0.243
2.34
0.63–8.74
Hypertension
6 (24)
39 (41.9)
0.112
0.44
0.16–1.20
Renal diseases
5 (20)
9 (9.7)
0.172
2.33
0.70–7.73
Malignancy
5 (20)
10 (10.8)
0.307
2.08
0.64–6.75
MODS during hospitalization
5 (20)
2 (2.2)
0.005
11.38
2.06–62.90
APACHE II score on admission (mean ± SD)
21.6 ± 1.4
17.8 ± 0.6
0.010
—
—
APACHE II score on the day of bacteremia (mean ± SD)
22.3 ± 1.3
18.0 ± 0.6
0.001
—
—
ICU stay
22 (88)
62 (66.6)
0.046
3.67
1.02–13.21
Any antibiotic exposure prior to positive blood culture
25 (100)
82 (88.2)
0.117
7.11
0.40–125.0
Duration of previous antimicrobial exposure
11 (8, 24)
13 (6.5, 23)
0.811
—
—
Aminoglycosides
8 (32)
14 (15.1)
0.079
2.66
0.96–7.33
Antifungal azoles
8 (32)
23 (24.7)
0.454
1.43
0.55–3.75
β-Lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors
11 (44)
47 (49.5)
0.654
0.769
0.32–1.87
Cefepime
2 (8)
9 (9.7)
1.000
0.81
0.16–4.02
Carbapenems
19 (76)
52 (55.9)
0.106
2.50
0.91–6.82
Fluoroquinolones
12 (32)
26 (14.0)
0.089
2.38
0.96–5.89
Minocycline
2 (8)
7 (7.5)
1.000
1.068
0.21–5.50
Third-generation cephalosporins
7 (28)
29 (31.2)
0.812
0.86
0.32–2.28
Nitroimidazoles
6 (24)
27 (29.0)
0.803
0.77
0.28–2.14
Abdominal or thoracic drainages
9 (36)
35 (37.6)
1.000
0.93
0.37–2.34
Central venous catheterization
19 (76)
47 (50.5)
0.025
3.10
1.14–8.46
Mechanical ventilation
22 (88)
44 (47.3)
0.000
8.17
2.29–29.18
Nasogastric tube
11 (44)
30 (32.3)
0.345
1.65
0.67–4.07
Urinary catheterization
15 (60)
46 (49.5)
0.376
1.53
0.62–3.76
Adequate empirical antibiotic therapy
7 (28)
53 (57)
0.013
0.29
0.11–0.77
APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI: confidence interval; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range; OR: odds ratio; SD: standard deviation; MODS: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. aData were expressed as the number (%) of patients unless stated otherwise.
